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In the classic example, benzaldehyde is converted to benzoin (PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph). [3] The benzoin condensation was first reported in 1832 by Justus von Liebig and Friedrich Wöhler during their research on bitter almond oil. [4] The catalytic version of the reaction involving cyanide was developed by Nikolay Zinin in the late 1830s. [5] [6 ...
With aromatic aldehydes such as benzaldehyde, the benzoin condensation is a competing reaction. The reaction is used in carbohydrate chemistry as a chain extension method for example that of D-xylose.
Amygdalin 2 H 2 O HCN benzaldehyde 2 × glucose 2 × Benzaldehyde contributes to the scent of oyster mushrooms (Pleurotus ostreatus). Reactions Benzaldehyde is easily oxidized to benzoic acid in air at room temperature, causing a common impurity in laboratory samples. Since the boiling point of benzoic acid is much higher than that of benzaldehyde, it may be purified by distillation. Benzyl ...
Benzoin (/ ˈ b ɛ n z oʊ. ɪ n / or /-ɔɪ n /) is an organic compound with the formula PhCH(OH)C(O)Ph. It is a hydroxy ketone attached to two phenyl groups. It appears as off-white crystals, with a light camphor-like odor. Benzoin is synthesized from benzaldehyde in the benzoin condensation.
The addition of the two molecules typically proceeds in a step-wise fashion to the addition product, usually in equilibrium, and with loss of a water molecule (hence the name condensation). [3] The reaction may otherwise involve the functional groups of the molecule, and is a versatile class of reactions that can occur in acidic or basic ...
In organic chemistry, the Claisen–Schmidt condensation is the reaction between an aldehyde or ketone having an α-hydrogen with an aromatic carbonyl compound lacking an α-hydrogen. It can be considered as a specific variation of the aldol condensation .
Benzoin condensation; Bergman cyclization; Bergmann azlactone peptide synthesis; ... Rap–Stoermer condensation; Raschig phenol process; Rauhut–Currier reaction;
Other reactions may have mechanisms of several consecutive steps. In organic chemistry, the reaction mechanism for the benzoin condensation, put forward in 1903 by A. J. Lapworth, was one of the first proposed reaction mechanisms. Benzoin condensation reaction mechanism.