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Air pollution and water pollution are challenges for Sri Lanka since both cause negative health impacts. Overfishing and insufficient waste management, especially in rural areas, leads to environmental pollution. Sri Lanka is also vulnerable to climate change impacts such as extreme weather events and sea level rise. [1]
The Southeast Asian haze is a fire-related recurrent transboundary air pollution issue. Haze events, where air quality reaches hazardous levels due to high concentrations of airborne particulate matter from burning biomass , [ 1 ] have caused adverse health, environmental and economic impacts in several countries in Southeast Asia .
The 1997 Southeast Asian haze was an international air pollution disaster that occurred during the second half of 1997, its after-effects causing widespread atmospheric visibility and health problems within Southeast Asia.
Sri Lanka's forests contain 61 million metric tons of carbon in living forest biomass (in 2010 [14]). The southwest portion of the island, where the influence of the moisture-bearing southwest monsoon is strongest, is home to the Sri Lanka lowland rain forests. At higher elevations they make the transition to the Sri Lanka montane rain forests.
By late 1997 and early 1998 Brunei, Thailand, Vietnam, the Philippines and Sri Lanka [3] had also felt the haze from the smoke of the forest fires. By the time the 1997–98 forest fires were finally over some 8 million hectares of land had burned while countless millions of people suffered from air pollution.
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NASA satellite view of Sri Lanka revealing sparser areas of forest to the north and east of the island. Deforestation is one of the most serious environmental issues in Sri Lanka. Sri Lanka's current forest cover as of 2017 was 29.7%. [1] In the 1920s, the island had a 49 percent forest cover but by 2005 this had fallen by approximately 26 percent.