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Several drugs are available for treating intestinal infections, the most effective of which has been shown to be paromomycin (also known as Humatin); iodoquinol (also known as Yodoxin) is used in the US; and diloxanide furoate (also known as Furamide) is used in certain other countries.
Tinidazole, sold under the brand name Tindamax among others, is a medication used against protozoan infections.It is widely known throughout Europe and the developing world as a treatment for a variety of anaerobic amoebic and bacterial infections.
Diloxanide furoate works only in the digestive tract and is a lumenal amebicide. [2] [6] It is considered second line treatment for infection with amoebas when no symptoms are present but the person is passing cysts, in places where infections are not common.
The usage of conventional therapeutics to treat amoebiasis if often linked with substantial side effects, a threat to the efficacy of these therapeutics, further worsened by the development of drug resistance in the parasite. [20] Amoebic meningoencephalitis and keratitis is a brain-eating amoeba caused by free-living Naeglaria and Acanthomoeba.
In all three cases, the drug therapy resulted in clearance of the infection, defined as negative results through an O&P exam, in all but 1-2 patients. [4] A 1979 study of 27 patients treated with dehydroemetine and various other drugs suggested all drug combinations were successful at treating amoebic liver abscesses. [5]
The mechanisms of antiprotozoal drugs differ significantly drug to drug. For example, it appears that eflornithine, a drug used to treat trypanosomiasis, inhibits ornithine decarboxylase, while the aminoglycoside antibiotic/antiprotozoals used to treat leishmaniasis are thought to inhibit protein synthesis. [8]
Amoebiasis, or amoebic dysentery, is an infection of the intestines caused by a parasitic amoeba Entamoeba histolytica. [ 3 ] [ 4 ] Amoebiasis can be present with no, mild, or severe symptoms . [ 2 ]
For example, Shigella is a longstanding World Health Organization (WHO) target for vaccine development, and sharp declines in age-specific diarrhea/dysentery attack rates for this pathogen indicate that natural immunity does develop following exposure; thus, vaccination to prevent this disease should be feasible. The development of vaccines ...