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Lichen sclerosus (LS) is a chronic, inflammatory skin disease, of unknown cause, which can affect any body part of any person, but has a strong preference for the genitals (penis, vulva), and is also known as balanitis xerotica obliterans when it affects the penis. Lichen sclerosus is not contagious.
Lichen sclerosus et atrophicus (thought to be the same condition as balanitis xerotica obliterans) is regarded as a common (or even the main) [29] cause of pathological phimosis. [30] This is a skin condition of unknown origin that causes a whitish ring of indurated tissue (a cicatrix ) to form near the tip of the prepuce.
Vulvar intraepithelial neoplasia (VIN), HPV infection, genital warts, smoking, many sexual partners [1] [3] Diagnostic method: Physical examination, tissue biopsy [1] Differential diagnosis: Lichen sclerosus, hyperplasia [4] Prevention: HPV vaccination [5] Treatment: Surgery, radiation therapy, chemotherapy, biologic therapy [1] Prognosis
Age—Penile cancer is rarely seen in men under the age of 50. About 4 out of 5 men diagnosed with penile cancer are over the age of 55. [7] Lichen sclerosus—Lichen sclerosus is a disease causing white patches on the skin. Lichen sclerosus increases the risk of penile cancer.
Lupus erythematosus–lichen planus overlap syndrome (lichen planus–lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome) Methotrexate-induced papular eruption; Mixed connective tissue disease (Sharp's syndrome, undifferentiated connective tissue disease) Morphea profunda; Morphea–lichen sclerosus et atrophicus overlap
Lichen sclerosus is another common cause of vulvitis in children, and it often affects an hourglass or figure eight-shaped area of skin around the anus and vulva. Symptoms of a mild case include skin fissures, loss of skin pigment ( hypopigmentation ), skin atrophy, a parchment-like texture to the skin, dysuria, itching, discomfort, and ...
[30] [32] Other types of warts include genital warts, flat warts, mosaic warts, and periungual warts. [30] Common treatment options include salicylic acid and cryotherapy with liquid nitrogen. [30] Chickenpox, is a highly contagious skin disease caused by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). [33]
Kraurosis vulvae or vulvar lichen sclerosus (VLS) is a cutaneous condition characterized by atrophy and shrinkage of the skin of the vagina and vulva often accompanied by a chronic inflammatory reaction in the deeper tissues.