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The four summarized Artiodactyla taxa are divided into ten extant families: [26] The camelids ( Tylopoda ) comprise only one family, Camelidae . It is a species-poor artiodactyl suborder of North American origin [ 27 ] that is well adapted to extreme habitats—the dromedary and Bactrian camels in the Old World deserts and the guanacos , llamas ...
The order Artiodactyla consists of 349 extant species belonging to 132 genera. This does not include hybrid species or extinct prehistoric species. Modern molecular studies indicate that the 132 genera can be grouped into 23 families; these families are grouped into named suborders and many are further grouped into named clades, and some of these families are subdivided into named subfamilies.
It was short and massive, and accomodated strong muscles. These were further supported by a bony ridge, spanning the first six thoracic vertebrae, which likely formed a large hump in life. Archaeotherium had only two sacral vertebrae. The caudal vertebrae are unusual among artiodactyls, most closely resembling those of giraffes among the group ...
This category contains articles about taxa at family level in the Artiodactyla order – the even-toed ungulates. Species specific articles should be placed in the appropriate sub-categories Species specific articles should be placed in the appropriate sub-categories
It was an evolutionarily advanced and unusual artiodactyl, sporting three-toed feet in certain species like A. latipes, a long and robust tail, and a highly-developed brain with strong support for both sense of smell and sensory perception. Its overall robust build may have allowed it to stand bipedally to browse on plants at greater heights ...
The largest known land-dwelling artiodactyl was Hippopotamus gorgops with a length of 4.3 m (14 ft), a height of 2.1 m (6 ft 11 in), and a weight of 5 t (11,000 lb), [65] with its closely related European descendant, Hippopotamus antiquus, rivaling it, estimated to be 14.1 ft (4.3 m) in length and 7,700–9,300 lb (3,500–4,200 kg) in weight.
The affinities of the Mixtotheriidae in relation to other artiodactyl families is uncertain, but it is currently thought to have been related to the Cainotherioidea and Anoplotheriidae. Mixtotherium had various unusual skull morphologies that no other contemporary Palaeogene artiodactyl shared.
Though the low jaw joint provided more room for the temporalis muscle, it also posed a problem for the masseter muscle. The masseter, which extends from the zygomatic arch to the lower rear corner of the mandible, is a major component of the chewing apparatus in herbivorous artiodactyls. While other artiodactyls added torque to the muscle by ...