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Normal vaginal discharge is composed of cervical mucus, vaginal fluid, shedding vaginal and cervical cells, and bacteria. [1] The majority of the liquid in vaginal discharge is mucus produced by glands of the cervix. [1] [4] The rest is made up of transudate from the vaginal walls and secretions from glands (Skene's and Bartholin's). [4]
When associated with the endocervix, it is associated with a mucous vaginal discharge and sexually transmitted infections such as chlamydia and gonorrhoea. [56] As many as half of pregnant women having a gonorrheal infection of the cervix are asymptomatic. [57] Other causes include overgrowth of the commensal flora of the vagina. [46]
Toward the end of the pregnancy, when the cervix thins, some blood is released into the cervix which causes the mucus to become bloody. As the pregnancy progresses into labor, the cervix begins to dilate and the mucus plug is discharged. The plug may come out as a plug, a lump, or simply as increased vaginal discharge over several days. Loss of ...
This discharge comprises bacteria, desquamated epithelial cells shedding from the vaginal walls, along with mucus and fluid (plasma) produced by the cervix and vagina. [24] Throughout the menstrual cycle, the quantity and consistency of the discharge undergo variations.
Mucopurulent discharge is the emission or secretion of fluid containing mucus and pus (muco-pertaining to mucus and purulent pertaining to pus) from the eye, nose, cervix, vagina or other part of the body due to infection and inflammation.
“The most common cause of vaginal odor is an imbalance in the normal flora in the vagina,” which causes a fishy odor, irritation, and thin to no vaginal discharge, says Dr. Streicher.
[29] [30] Though mucus is not produced by the vaginal epithelium, mucus originates from the cervix. [8] The cervical mucus that is located inside the vagina can be used to assess fertility in ovulating women. [29] The Bartholin's glands and Skene's glands located at the entrance of the vagina do produce mucus. [31]
It is usually a non-pathological symptom secondary to inflammatory conditions of the vagina or cervix. [5] Leukorrhea can be confirmed by finding >10 WBC per high-power field under a microscope when examining vaginal fluid. [6] Vaginal discharge is normal, and causes of change in discharge include infection, malignancy, and hormonal changes.