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By far the most common type of cement is hydraulic cement, which hardens by hydration of the clinker minerals when water is added. Hydraulic cements (such as Portland cement) are made of a mixture of silicates and oxides, the four main mineral phases of the clinker, abbreviated in the cement chemist notation, being: C 3 S: alite (3CaO·SiO 2);
Vicat's cement is an artificial hydraulic lime, and is considered the "principal forerunner" [3] of portland cement. The name portland cement is recorded in a directory published in 1823 being associated with a William Lockwood and possibly others. [ 6 ]
Rosendale cement is a natural hydraulic cement that was produced in and around Rosendale, New York, beginning in 1825. [1] From 1818 to 1970 natural cements were produced in over 70 locations in the United States and Canada.
The types and amounts of cement produced in 2015 were: Portland cement 80.4 million tons; Masonry cement 2.4 million tons; Other hydraulic cement 0.6 million tons; Cement production is predominantly portland cement, which is mostly used in concrete. Cement for concrete is an essential material for construction, and demand is a function of ...
Table 1 - Hydraulic Cement – World Leading Producers (million metric tons) [1] Country 2014 2013 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 Brazil 72 70 69 64 59 52 52 46 40 37 38 40 38 40 39 China (PRC) 2,500 2,420 2,210 2,100 1,880 1,630 1,390 1,350 1,200 1,040 934 813 705 627 583 Egypt 50 50 46 44 48 47 40 38 29 29 28 29
So, CAC cement must not be confused with calcium sulfo-aluminate (CSA) cement containing calcium sulfate and invented later in 1936. [ 6 ] The main constituent, and also the most reactive phase, of calcium aluminate cements is the monocalcium aluminate ( CaAl 2 O 4 = CaO · Al 2 O 3 , also written as CA in the cement chemist notation ).