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Ontology. Ontology is the philosophical study of being. As one of the most fundamental concepts, being encompasses all of reality and every entity within it. To articulate the basic structure of being, ontology examines what all entities have in common and how they are divided into fundamental classes, known as categories.
Aristotelianism (/ ˌærɪstəˈtiːliənɪzəm / ARR-i-stə-TEE-lee-ə-niz-əm) is a philosophical tradition inspired by the work of Aristotle, usually characterized by deductive logic and an analytic inductive method in the study of natural philosophy and metaphysics. It covers the treatment of the social sciences under a system of natural law.
Four causes. Aristotle 's Four Causes illustrated for a table: material (wood), formal (structure), efficient (carpentry), final (dining). The four causes or four explanations are, in Aristotelian thought, four fundamental types of answer to the question "why?" in analysis of change or movement in nature: the material, the formal, the efficient ...
Definition. [edit] Epistemology is the philosophical study of knowledge. Also called theory of knowledge, [ a ] it examines what knowledge is and what types of knowledge there are. It further investigates the sources of knowledge, like perception, inference, and testimony, to determine how knowledge is created.
Aristotle's ontology places the universal (katholou) in particulars (kath' hekaston), things in the world, whereas for Plato the universal is a separately existing form which actual things imitate. For Aristotle, "form" is still what phenomena are based on, but is "instantiated" in a particular substance.
Philosophy of science focuses on metaphysical, epistemic and semantic aspects of scientific practice, and overlaps with metaphysics, ontology, logic, and epistemology, for example, when it explores the relationship between science and the concept of truth. Philosophy of science is both a theoretical and empirical discipline, relying on ...
Process philosophy, also ontology of becoming, or processism, [1] is an approach in philosophy that identifies processes, changes, or shifting relationships as the only real experience of everyday living. [2] In opposition to the classical view of change as illusory (as argued by Parmenides) or accidental (as argued by Aristotle), process ...
according to the various categories or ways of addressing a being as such. according to its truth or falsity (e.g., fake gold, counterfeit money) whether it exists in and of itself or simply 'comes along' by accident. according to its potency, movement (energy) or finished presence ( Metaphysics Book Theta ).