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The slave trade, lightly taxed and regulated, flourished in all reaches of the Roman Empire and across borders. In antiquity, slavery was seen as the political consequence of one group dominating another, and people of any race, ethnicity, or place of origin might become slaves, including freeborn Romans.
In Rome, slaves were given a single name by their owner. A slave who was freed might keep his or her slave name and adopt the former owner's name as a praenomen and nomen. As an example, one historian says that "a man named Publius Larcius freed a male slave named Nicia, who was then called Publius Larcius Nicia." [1]
Ancilla was the common word for a female house slave in ancient Rome. The more general word for a female slave was serva. An ancilla in an upperclass household might serve as a sort of lady's maid. [2] Ancillae in this setting might be specialized in attending to the upkeep, storage, and readiness of the mistress's wardrobe or jewelry. [3]
Between 722 and 332 BC, Late Period of ancient Egypt. Museo Egizio, Turin. In Ancient Egypt, slaves were mainly obtained through prisoners of war. Other ways people could become slaves was by inheriting the status from their parents. One could also become a slave on account of his inability to pay his debts.
Sporus. Sporus was a young slave boy whom the Roman Emperor Nero had castrated and married as his Empress during his tour of Greece in 66–67 CE, allegedly in order for him to play the role of his wife, Poppaea Sabina, who had died the previous year. [1][2][3][4] Ancient historians generally portrayed the relationship between Nero and Sporus ...
Ancient Roman freedmen. Freedmen in ancient Rome existed as a distinct social class (liberti or libertini), with former slaves granted freedom and rights through the legal process of manumission. The Roman practice of slavery utilized slaves for both production and domestic labour, overseen by their wealthy masters.
Vindicius, an ancient Roman slave who discovered Tarquin's plot to regain power. Vibia Calybeni, a freedwoman of the late Roman Empire who unusually named herself as a madam on her tombstone. [202] Virginia Boyd, an enslaved American woman whose letter to R.C. Ballard, pleading not to be sold with her children among strangers, has been ...
Antiochus. Eunus (died 132 BC) was a Roman slave from Apamea in Syria who became the leader and king of the slave uprising in the First Servile War (135 BC–132 BC) in the Roman province of Sicily. According to the historian Florus, the only reason his name is remembered is due to the severe defeats he inflicted on the Romans.