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Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (/ ˈ r ɛ n t ɡ ə n,-dʒ ə n, ˈ r ʌ n t-/; [3] German: [ˈvɪlhɛlm ˈʁœntɡən] ⓘ; 27 March 1845 – 10 February 1923) was a German mechanical engineer and physicist, [4] who, on 8 November 1895, produced and detected electromagnetic radiation in a wavelength range known as X-rays or Röntgen rays, an achievement that earned him the inaugural Nobel Prize in ...
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy is a chemical analysis technique relying on the photoelectric effect, usually employed in surface science. Radiation implosion is the use of high energy X-rays generated from a fission explosion (an A-bomb) to compress nuclear fuel to the point of fusion ignition (an H-bomb).
An X-ray generator generally contains an X-ray tube to produce the X-rays. Possibly, radioisotopes can also be used to generate X-rays. [1]An X-ray tube is a simple vacuum tube that contains a cathode, which directs a stream of electrons into a vacuum, and an anode, which collects the electrons and is made of tungsten to evacuate the heat generated by the collision.
The anode is the electrode at the bottom. A Crookes tube (also Crookes–Hittorf tube) [1] is an early experimental electrical discharge tube, with partial vacuum, invented by English physicist William Crookes [2] and others around 1869–1875, [3] in which cathode rays, streams of electrons, were discovered. [4]
Röntgen Memorial Site. The Röntgen Memorial Site in Würzburg, Germany, is dedicated to the work of the German physicist Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen (1845–1923) and his discovery of X-rays, for which he was granted the first Nobel Prize in physics, in 1901. It contains an exhibition of historical instruments, machines and documents.
Roentgenium was first created in 1994 by the GSI Helmholtz Centre for Heavy Ion Research near Darmstadt, Germany. It is named after the physicist Wilhelm Röntgen (also spelled Roentgen), who discovered X-rays. Only a few roentgenium atoms have ever been synthesized, and they have no practical application.
Radiography is an imaging technique using X-rays, gamma rays, or similar ionizing radiation and non-ionizing radiation to view the internal form of an object. Applications of radiography include medical ("diagnostic" radiography and "therapeutic") and industrial radiography. Similar techniques are used in airport security, (where "body scanners ...
Unprotected experiments in the U.S. in 1896 with an early X-ray tube ( Crookes tube ), when the dangers of radiation were largely unknown. [1] The history of radiation protection begins at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries with the realization that ionizing radiation from natural and artificial sources can have harmful effects on living ...