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For instance, bash builtin commands pwd and cd operate on the current logical directory. pwd is often used in scripts to determine the actual current working directory. When any path is used with a system call, any use of .. will use the actual filesystem parent of the directory containing the .. pseudo-directory entry.
In the C language, the POSIX function chdir() effects the system call which changes the working directory. [11] Its argument is a text string with a path to the new directory, either absolute or relative to the old one. Where available, it can be called by a process to set its working directory. There are similar functions in other languages.
While Bash was developed for UNIX and UNIX-like operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, it is also available on Android, macOS, Windows, and numerous other current and historical operating systems. [12] "Although there have been attempts to create specialized shells, the Bourne shell derivatives continue to be the primary shells in use."
At that moment, the relative path for the desired directory can be represented as: ./bobapples or for short: bobapples and the absolute path for the directory as: /users/mark/bobapples Given bobapples as the relative path for the directory wanted, the following may be typed at the command prompt to change the current working directory to bobapples:
It is usually changed via the PATH (or PATH /E under MS-DOS 6.0) command, which also ensures that the directory names are converted into uppercase. Some DOS software actually expects the names to be stored in uppercase and the length of the list not to exceed 123 [ 10 ] characters, [ nb 1 ] therefore the variable should better not be modified ...
Inadvertent typing errors such as rm-rf * / (instead of the intended rm -rf */) are folklore in the Unix community; a single extra space converts the command from one that deletes all subdirectories contained in the current directory, to one which deletes everything from the file system's root directory.
If pushd is not provided with a path argument, in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories. The popd command removes (or 'pops', in the stack analogy) the current path entry from the stack and returns to the path at the top of the stack as the new working directory. [4] [5]
dirname is a standard computer program on Unix and Unix-like operating systems. When dirname is given a pathname, it will delete any suffix beginning with the last slash ('/') character and return the result. dirname is described in the Single UNIX Specification and is primarily used in shell scripts.