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See also spiral model, a software development approach. Four spirals in a medical studies curriculum [1]. The spiral approach is a technique often used in education where the initial focus of instruction is the basic facts of a subject, with further details being introduced as learning progresses.
The curriculum includes lesson blocks on farming (age 9 or 10), animals (age 10 or 11), plants (age 11 or 12), as well as geology, human biology and astronomy (age 12 or 13). [7] At secondary school, Waldorf schools study the historical origins, cultural background, and philosophical roots and consequences of scientific discoveries.
In accordance with this understanding of learning, Bruner proposed the spiral curriculum, a teaching approach in which each subject or skill area is revisited at intervals, at a more sophisticated level each time. First there is basic knowledge of a subject, then more sophistication is added, reinforcing principles that were first discussed.
Currently, a spiral curriculum is promoted as allowing students to revisit a subject matter's content at the different levels of development of the subject matter being studied. The constructivist approach proposes that children learn best via pro-active engagement with the educational environment, as in learning through discovery.
The MMCP uses a spiral curriculum that sequentially introduces new concepts in action-oriented cycles that are developmentally appropriate. The "spiral curriculum" concept was first proposed by Jerome Bruner in 1960, and has since been the model for many school curricula in the US. A typical MMCP sequence of events is as follows:
Students revisit the systems for a third time in phase 3, when they relate their studies to clinical practice, applying what they have learned in phases 1 and 2. The spirals broaden as the students pass from phase 1 to phase 3 in the curriculum. In a fourth spiral students, as pre-registration house officers, put the theory into practice.
Yellow: A thought-out plan or approach. Green: These teams are all from the same state. Blue: Common items sold at a game. Purple: These no longer exist.
This has been described as a spiral curriculum. [103] Many subjects and skills not considered core parts of mainstream schools, such as art, music, gardening, and mythology, are central to Waldorf education. [104] Students learn a variety of fine and practical arts. Elementary students paint, draw, sculpt, knit, weave, and crochet. [105]