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Stage 4 hallux rigidus, also known as end stage hallux rigidus, involves severe loss of range of motion of the big toe joint and cartilage loss. Stage 4 hallux rigidus may be treated via fusion of the joint (arthrodesis) or implant arthroplasty in which both sides of the joint are resurfaced or a hinged implant is used. Fusion of the joint is ...
The interphalangeal joints of the foot are the joints between the phalanx bones of the toes in the feet. Since the great toe only has two phalanx bones ( proximal and distal phalanges), it only has one interphalangeal joint, which is often abbreviated as the " IP joint ".
A hammer toe, hammertoe or contracted toe is a deformity of the muscles and ligaments of the proximal interphalangeal joint of the second, third, fourth, or fifth toe, bending it into a shape resembling a hammer. In the early stage, a flexible hammertoe is movable at the joints; a rigid hammertoe joint cannot be moved and usually requires ...
Arthrodesis, also known as artificial ankylosis or syndesis, is the artificial induction of joint ossification between two bones by surgery. This is done to relieve intractable pain in a joint which cannot be managed by pain medication , splints , or other normally indicated treatments.
When the structures outside the joint are affected, the term "false ankylosis" has been used in contradistinction to "true ankylosis", in which the disease is within the joint. When inflammation has caused the joint-ends of the bones to be fused together, the ankylosis is termed osseous or complete and is an instance of synostosis. Excision of ...
Hallux abducto valgus, hallux valgus [1] Specialty: Orthopedics, podiatry: Symptoms: Prominent, red, and painful joint at the base of the big toe [2] Complications: Bursitis, arthritis [2] Usual onset: Gradual [2] Causes: Unclear [1] Risk factors: Wearing overly tight shoes, high-heeled shoes, family history, rheumatoid arthritis [2] [3 ...
Boutonniere deformity is a deformed position of the fingers or toes, in which the joint nearest the knuckle (the proximal interphalangeal joint, or PIP) is permanently bent toward the palm while the farthest joint (the distal interphalangeal joint, or DIP) is bent back away (PIP flexion with DIP hyperextension).
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