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2 KOH + CO 2 → K 2 CO 3 + H 2 O. From the solution crystallizes the sesquihydrate K 2 CO 3 ·1.5H 2 O ("potash hydrate"). Heating this solid above 200 °C (392 °F) gives the anhydrous salt. In an alternative method, potassium chloride is treated with carbon dioxide in the presence of an organic amine to give potassium bicarbonate, which is ...
The following chart shows the solubility of various ionic compounds in water at 1 atm pressure and room temperature (approx. 25 °C, 298.15 K). "Soluble" means the ionic compound doesn't precipitate, while "slightly soluble" and "insoluble" mean that a solid will precipitate; "slightly soluble" compounds like calcium sulfate may require heat to precipitate.
KOH, like NaOH, serves as a source of OH −, a highly nucleophilic anion that attacks polar bonds in both inorganic and organic materials. Aqueous KOH saponifies esters: KOH + RCOOR' → RCOOK + R'OH. When R is a long chain, the product is called a potassium soap.
Structure of solid potassium superoxide (KO 2). Four oxides of potassium are well studied: potassium oxide (K 2 O), potassium peroxide (K 2 O 2), potassium superoxide (KO 2) [25] and potassium ozonide (KO 3). The binary potassium-oxygen compounds react with water forming KOH. KOH is a strong base.
Potassium chloride is inexpensively available and is rarely prepared intentionally in the laboratory. It can be generated by treating potassium hydroxide (or other potassium bases) with hydrochloric acid: KOH + HCl → KCl + H 2 O. This conversion is an acid-base neutralization reaction. The resulting salt can then be purified by recrystallization.
The hydroxy group is pervasive in chemistry and biochemistry. Many inorganic compounds contain hydroxyl groups, including sulfuric acid, the chemical compound produced on the largest scale industrially. [2] Hydroxy groups participate in the dehydration reactions that link simple biological molecules into long chains.
Resonance structures of an enolate anion. In organic chemistry, enolates are organic anions derived from the deprotonation of carbonyl (RR'C=O) compounds. Rarely isolated, they are widely used as reagents in the synthesis of organic compounds. [1] [2] [3] [4]
Potassium hydride is produced by direct combination of the metal and hydrogen at temperatures between 200 and 350 °C: 2 K + H 2 → 2 KH. This reaction was discovered by Humphry Davy soon after his 1807 discovery of potassium, when he noted that the metal would vaporize in a current of hydrogen when heated just below its boiling point.