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This assay can be quantitative or semi-quantitative, allowing for estimations of the levels of anti-dsDNA antibodies. This test can produce false positives due to contamination of ssDNA from denatured dsDNA. EIA detects low and high avidity anti-dsDNA antibodies, increasing its sensitivity and reducing its specificity. [1]
The gene targeting method in knockout mice uses mouse embryonic stem cells to deliver artificial genetic material (mostly of therapeutic interest), which represses the target gene of the mouse by the principle of homologous recombination. The mouse thereby acts as a working model to understand the effects of a specific mammalian gene.
In mice and humans, the BRCA2 complex primarily mediates orderly assembly of RAD51 on ssDNA, which is an active substrate in homologous pairing and strand invasion. [31] BRCA2 also redirects RAD51 from dsDNA and prevents its dissociation from ssDNA. [ 31 ]
An ERCC5(XPG) mutant mouse model presents features of premature aging including cachexia and osteoporosis with pronounced degenerative phenotypes in both liver and brain. [24] These mutant mice develop a multi-system premature aging degenerative phenotype that appears to strengthen the link between DNA damage and aging .
Subsequent work on E. coli has identified a number of genes that, when mutationally inactivated, cause hypermutable strains. The gene products are, therefore, called the "Mut" proteins, and are the major active components of the mismatch repair system.
With heterotopic implantation, the tissue or cells are implanted into an area of the mouse unrelated to the original tumor site, generally subcutaneously or in subrenal capsular sites. [6] The advantages of this method are the direct access for implantation, and ease of monitoring the tumor growth.
DNA end resection, also called 5′–3′ degradation, is a biochemical process where the blunt end of a section of double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) is modified by cutting away some nucleotides from the 5' end to produce a 3' single-stranded sequence.
This enzyme work well at A↓pN, T ↓pN sites, and especially A↓pN sites are 100% degraded. However, it is difficult to degrade C↓pC, C↓pG site. Mung bean exonuclease is a nuclease derived from mung beans that removes nucleotides in a step-wise manner from single stranded DNA molecules and is used to remove such ssDNA from a mixture also ...