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Coin of Pescennius Niger, a Roman usurper who claimed imperial power AD 193–194. Legend: IMP CAES C PESC NIGER IVST AVG. While the imperial government of the Roman Empire was rarely called into question during its five centuries in the west and fifteen centuries in the east, individual emperors often faced unending challenges in the form of usurpation and perpetual civil wars. [30]
The Holy Roman Emperor, originally and officially the Emperor of the Romans (Latin: Imperator Romanorum; German: Kaiser der Römer) during the Middle Ages, and also known as the Roman-German Emperor since the early modern period [1] (Latin: Imperator Germanorum; German: Römisch-Deutscher Kaiser), was the ruler and head of state of the Holy Roman Empire.
List of Mauryan emperors: Chola Empire: 848–1279 Chakravartigal [1] ("ideal universal ruler") List of Tamil monarchs: Mughal Empire: 1526–1857 Padishah ("Master King") Shahenshah ("King of Kings") List of Mughal emperors: Indian Empire [a] 1877–1947 King-Emperor: Emperor of India: East Asia Imperial China: 221 BC–1912 皇帝, pronounced ...
Henry IV repudiated the pope's interference and persuaded his bishops to excommunicate the pope, whom he famously addressed by his birth name "Hildebrand" rather than his papal name "Gregory". [94] The pope, in turn, excommunicated the king, declared him deposed, and dissolved the oaths of loyalty made to Henry.
Along with the title pharaoh for later rulers, there was an Ancient Egyptian royal titulary used by Egyptian kings which remained relatively constant during the course of Ancient Egyptian history, initially featuring a Horus name, a Sedge and Bee (nswt-bjtj) name and a Two Ladies (nbtj) name, with the additional Golden Horus, nomen and prenomen ...
Gratian was proclaimed emperor at the age of 8, and his co-ruler and successor Valentinian II was proclaimed emperor at the age of 4. [77] Many child emperors such as Philip II or Diadumenian never succeeded their fathers. These co-emperors all had the same honors as their senior counterpart, but they did not share the actual government, hence ...
Titular emperors. Over the course of the empire, there were several claimants to the Mughal throne who ascended the throne or claimed to do so but were never recognized. [59] Here are the claimants to the Mughal throne historians recognise as titular Mughal emperors. Shahryar Mirza (1627 - 1628) Dawar Baksh (1627 - 1628) Jahangir II (1719 - 1720)
Joseph I, Emperor Elect (1705–1711), King (1690–1711) Charles VI, Emperor Elect, King (1711–1740) Charles VII, Emperor Elect, King (1742–1745)