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It can be a manifestation of lichen planus, psoriasis, alopecia areata, immunoglobulin A deficiency, atopic dermatitis, and ichthyosis vulgaris. [ 7 ] "The longitudinal striations can occur as a normal part of the aging process", [ 2 ] and not until the nails start to thin and get a sandpaper look is the condition called trachonychia.
Lichen planus may be categorized as affecting mucosal or cutaneous surfaces.. Cutaneous forms are those affecting the skin, scalp, and nails. [10] [11] [12]Mucosal forms are those affecting the lining of the gastrointestinal tract (mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, anus), larynx, and other mucosal surfaces including the genitals, peritoneum, ears, nose, bladder and conjunctiva of the eyes.
Causes Lichen planus Pterygium unguis (or dorsal pterygium [ 1 ] : 660 ) forms as a result of scarring between the proximal nailfold and matrix, with the classic example being lichen planus , though it has been reported to occur as a result of sarcoidosis and Hansen's disease .
Lichenoid eruptions are dermatoses related to the unique, common inflammatory disorder lichen planus, which affects the skin, mucous membranes, nails, and hair. [74] [75] [76] Annular lichen planus Lichen planus actinicus; Atrophic lichen planus; Bullous lichen planus (vesiculobullous lichen planus) Erosive lichen planus
Melanonychia is a black or brown pigmentation of a nail, and may be present as a normal finding on many digits in Afro-Caribbeans, as a result of trauma, systemic disease, or medications, or as a postinflammatory event from such localized events as lichen planus or fixed drug eruption.
Onychorrhexis also known as brittle nails, is brittleness with breakage of fingernails or toenails. Paronychia is a bacterial or fungal infection where the nail and skin meet. Koilonychia is when the nail curves upwards (becomes spoon-shaped) due to an iron deficiency. The normal process of change is: brittle nails, straight nails, spoon-shaped ...
Anonychia is the failure to form fingernails or toenails. [ 1 ] It is an anomaly which may be the result of a congenital ectodermal defect, ichthyosis , severe infection, severe allergic contact dermatitis , self-inflicted trauma , Raynaud phenomenon , lichen planus , epidermolysis bullosa , or severe exfoliative diseases.
Onychomadesis is a periodic idiopathic shedding of the nails beginning at the proximal end, possibly caused by the temporary arrest of the function of the nail matrix. [1]: 784 [2]: 660 One cause in children is hand, foot, and mouth disease. [3] This generally resolves without complication.