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Secondary Traumatic Stress (STS) impacts many individuals in the mental health field; as of 2013, the prevalence rates for STS amongst different professions is as follows: 15.2% among social workers, 16.3% in oncology staff, 19% in substance abuse counselors, 32.8% in emergency nurses, 34% in child protective services workers, and 39% in juvenile justice education workers. [2]
Compassion fatigue has also been called secondary victimization, [21] [22] secondary traumatic stress, [23] vicarious traumatization, [24] and secondary survivor. [25] Other related conditions are rape-related family crisis [ 26 ] and "proximity" effects on female partners of war veterans.
Transgenerational trauma is also commonly known as secondary trauma due to the transmission of symptoms that can take place between individuals in close proximity (i.e., children, spouses/partners, and other family members). [64] Transgenerational trauma affects everyone, including those in the military and their families. [65]
Secondary Traumatic Stress Scale is a 17-item, five-point Likert scale that distinguishes between PTSD measures by framing the questions as stressors from exposure to clients. [38] The Professional Quality of Life (ProQol) version five, with 30 questions on a five-point Likert scale, measures compassion fatigue and secondary trauma. [39]
When the primary survey is completed, resuscitation efforts are well established, and the vital signs are normalizing, the secondary survey can begin. The secondary survey is a head-to-toe evaluation of the trauma patient, including a complete history and physical examination, including the reassessment of all vital signs. Each region of the ...
Occlusal trauma; Secondary occlusal trauma on X-ray film displays two lone-standing mandibular teeth, the lower left first premolar and canine. As the remnants of a once full complement of 16 lower teeth, these two teeth have been alone in opposing the forces associated with mastication for some time, as can be evidenced by the widened PDL surrounding the premolar.
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [b] is a mental and behavioral disorder [8] that develops from experiencing a traumatic event, such as sexual assault, domestic violence, child abuse, warfare and its associated traumas, natural disaster, traffic collision, or other threats on a person's life or well-being.
Other factors in secondary damage are breakdown of the blood–brain barrier, edema, ischemia and hypoxia. [15] Ischemia is one of the leading causes of secondary brain damage after head trauma. [9] Similar mechanisms are involved in secondary injury after ischemia, trauma, and injuries resulting when a person does not get enough oxygen. [5]