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These include salbutamol and terbutaline (both β 2-adrenergic agonists), and ipratropium (an anticholinergic). [5] Medication can be administered via inhaler or nebuliser. There is no evidence to prefer a nebuliser over an inhaler. [18] Antibiotics are used if a bacterial infection is the suspected cause. [5]
About a third of patients will experience a fever, but fevers due to acute bronchitis rarely rise above 100 °F (37.8 °C) or last longer than a few days. [14] As fever and other systemic symptoms are less common in acute bronchitis than in pneumonia, their presence raises suspicion for the latter, [15] [16] especially high or persistent fevers ...
Salbutamol is typically used to treat bronchospasm (due to any cause—allergic asthma or exercise-induced), as well as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. [8] It is also one of the most common medicines used in rescue inhalers (short-term bronchodilators to alleviate asthma attacks). [17] As a β 2 agonist, salbutamol also has use in ...
These medications usually take effect within 20 minutes or less, and can last from four to six hours. These inhaled medications are best for treating sudden and severe or new asthma symptoms. Taken 15 to 20 minutes ahead of time, these medications can also prevent asthma symptoms triggered by exercise or exposure to cold air.
[9] [10] Symptoms include episodes of wheezing, coughing, chest tightness, and shortness of breath. [3] These may occur a few times a day or a few times per week. [4] Depending on the person, asthma symptoms may become worse at night or with exercise. [4] Asthma is thought to be caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. [3]
Eosinophilic bronchitis is also defined by the increased number of eosinophils, a type of white blood cell, in the sputum compared to that of healthy people. [2] As patients with asthma usually present with eosinophils in the sputum as well, some literature distinguish the two by classifying the condition as non-asthmatic eosinophilic ...
Evidence is inconclusive regarding the efficacy of levosalbutamol versus salbutamol or salbutamol-levosalbutamol combinations, though levosalbutamol is believed to have a better safety profile due to its more selective binding to β 2 receptors (primarily in the lungs) versus β 1 (primarily in heart muscle). [2] [3]
Inhaled short acting β2-adrenergic agonist (Salbutamol metered-dose inhaler) Inhaled short-acting β2-adrenergic agonists, such as terbutaline and salbutamol, are the first-line drugs indicated for asthma exacerbation for all patients to provide rapid bronchodilating effects.
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