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The dipole antenna of a radar altimeter of 1947. A radar altimeter (RA), also called a radio altimeter (RALT), electronic altimeter, reflection altimeter, or low-range radio altimeter (LRRA), measures altitude above the terrain presently beneath an aircraft or spacecraft by timing how long it takes a beam of radio waves to travel to ground, reflect, and return to the craft.
In aviation, atmospheric sciences and broadcasting, a height above ground level (AGL [1] or HAGL) is a height measured with respect to the underlying ground surface.This is as opposed to height above mean sea level (AMSL or HAMSL), height above ellipsoid (HAE, as reported by a GPS receiver), or height above average terrain (AAT or HAAT, in broadcast engineering).
A Voyage by Radar by R.C. Newhouse, Radio Development Engineer, published in the Bell Laboratories Record Vol. XXV No. 5 - May 1947, pages 181-189; The History of Radar – RC Newhouse of Bell Labs obtained a patent, and his experiments performed throughout the decade eventually led to the radio altimeter, which became operational in 1937.
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Pressure altimeter measuring atmospheric pressure, which decreases as altitude increases. Since atmospheric pressure varies with the weather, too, a recent local measure of the pressure at a known altitude is needed to calibrate the altimeter. Stereoscopy in aerial photography. Aerial lidar and satellite laser altimetry.
It consisted of several sub systems. For navigation it used the "Hermine" VHF radio beacon signal system via the Fug 16ZY. For approach and landing it used the FuBL 1 or 2 blind landing receiver. For altitude it used the Fug 101 radio altimeter. Given the pilot workload in a single pilot aircraft it also included a simple auto pilot.
The transponder gets its altitude information from an encoding altimeter mounted behind the instrument panel that communicates via the Gillham code. Gillham code is a zero-padded 12-bit binary code using a parallel nine- [ 1 ] to eleven-wire interface , [ 2 ] the Gillham interface , that is used to transmit uncorrected barometric altitude ...
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