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The virus infects the cells causing ciliary dysfunction and death. The debris, edema, and inflammation eventually leads to the symptoms. [27] It is the most common reason for admission of children under the age of one year. It can present widely from a mild respiratory infection to respiratory failure.
Its use may result in undertreatment, as treatments for asthma, chronic bronchitis, emphysema, or pneumonia may not be prescribed under a label of reactive airway disease. [1] Alternatively, overtreatment may occur, as patients can be prescribed inhaled beta-agonists or inhaled corticosteroids, which are medications used for asthma.
Most people with HMPV have mild upper respiratory symptoms similar to the common cold and recover from HMPV in about 7 to 10 days without any complications. [2] However, certain groups face a higher risk of severe complications: Pneumonia: HMPV can cause viral pneumonia, requiring hospitalization and intensive care in severe cases.
Centrilobular emphysema is the most common type usually associated with smoking, and with chronic bronchitis. [17] The disease progresses from the centrilobular portion, leaving the lung parenchyma in the surrounding (perilobular) region preserved. [ 23 ]
It is unclear if rapid viral testing in the emergency department for children with acute febrile respiratory infections reduces the rates of antibiotic use, blood testing, or urine testing. [11] The relative risk reduction of chest x-ray utilization in children screened with rapid viral testing is 77% compared with controls. [ 11 ]
Asthma is a common condition and affects over 300 million people around the world. [3] Asthma causes recurring episodes of wheezing, breathlessness, chest tightness, and coughing, particularly at night or in the early morning. [4] Exercise-induced asthma is common in asthmatics, especially after participation in outdoor activities in cold weather.
[2] [9] Serologic studies have shown that by the age of five, virtually all children worldwide have been exposed to the virus. [1] [10] [11] [12] Despite near universal infection during early life, reinfections are common in older children and adults. [2] [13] [11] [14] HMPV may cause mild upper respiratory tract infection (e.g., the common cold).
A wheeze is a clinical symptom of a continuous, coarse, whistling sound produced in the respiratory airways during breathing. [1] For wheezes to occur, part of the respiratory tree must be narrowed or obstructed (for example narrowing of the lower respiratory tract in an asthmatic attack), or airflow velocity within the respiratory tree must be heightened.