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This is a timeline of the history of gunpowder and related topics such as weapons, warfare, and industrial applications. The timeline covers the history of gunpowder from the first hints of its origin as a Taoist alchemical product in China until its replacement by smokeless powder in the late 19th century (from 1884 to the present day).
Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 AD.. Gunpowder is the first explosive to have been developed. Popularly listed as one of the "Four Great Inventions" of China, it was invented during the late Tang dynasty (9th century) while the earliest recorded chemical formula for gunpowder dates to the Song dynasty (11th century).
Earliest known written formula for gunpowder, from the Wujing Zongyao of 1044 CE. In the history of gunpowder there are a range of theories about the transmission of the knowledge of gunpowder and guns from Imperial China to the rest of the world following the Song, Jin and Yuan dynasties. The earliest bronze guns found in China date back to ...
Gunpowder, the first explosive, is developed. [1] [2] 1040 - 1044 The book Wujing Zongyao contains three formulas for gunpowder, the first such reference. 1267 Roger Bacon's Opus Majus contains the first European reference to gunpowder. [3] 1659 Ammonium nitrate is first synthesized by Johann Rudolf Glauber; it wasn't used as an explosive until ...
Gunpowder was invented in the 9th century by Chinese alchemists searching for an elixir of immortality. [19] By the time the Song dynasty treatise, Wujing Zongyao (武经总要), was written by Zeng Gongliang and Yang Weide in 1044, the various Chinese formulas for gunpowder held levels of nitrate in the range of 27% to 50%. [20]
The military history of China stretches from roughly 1900 BC to the present day. Chinese armies were advanced and powerful, especially after the Warring States period. [citation needed] These armies were tasked with the twofold goal of defending China and her subject peoples from foreign intruders, and with expanding China's territory and influence across Asia.
In China a 'fire arrow' referred to a gunpowder projectile consisting of a bag of incendiary gunpowder attached to the shaft of an arrow from the 9th century onward. Later on solid fuel rockets utilizing gunpowder were used to provide arrows with propulsive force and the term fire arrow became synonymous with rockets in the Chinese language .
Gunpowder is corned to strengthen the explosive power of land mines in the Ming dynasty. [30] Cannon projectiles transition from stone to iron ammunition in the Ming dynasty. [31] 1371: 18 May: Ming forces capture Wenzhou [32] July: Ming forces capture Hanzhou [33] 3 August: Ming Sheng surrenders Sichuan to the Ming dynasty [34]