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Otherwise a noncontrast helical CT scan with 5 millimeters (0.2 in) sections is the diagnostic method to use to detect kidney stones and confirm the diagnosis of kidney stone disease. [16] [57] [61] [66] [7] Near all stones are detectable on CT scans with the exception of those composed of certain drug residues in the urine, [59] such as from ...
Non-contrast CT (at left) showing peripelvic fluid accumulations, which may be hydronephrosis. CT urography (at right) reveals non-dilated calyces and pelvises. The fluid accumulations are thus peripelvic cysts. Parapelvic cysts originate from around the kidney at the adjacent renal parenchyma, and plunge into the renal sinus. Peripelvic cysts ...
CT scan taken at 90 to 180 seconds (when the contrast perfused the whole kidney) to evaluate the characteristics of kidney masses. The contrast starts to drain into the collecting system of the kidneys at 3 minutes after injection and the whole collecting system is well distended with contrast at 8 to 10 minutes. Taking a CT scan at this time ...
Hydronephrosis due to a kidney stone at the ureteral vesicular junction seen on CT scan. Prenatal diagnosis is possible, [9] and in fact, most cases in pediatric patients are incidentally detected by routine screening ultrasounds obtained during pregnancy. [10]
Non-contrast-enhanced CT scans are the gold standard for diagnosing kidney stone disease. [69] They allow clinicians to estimate the size, volume, and density of stones, helping to guide further treatment; with size being especially important in predicting the time to spontaneous passage of a stone.
An intravenous pyelogram is used to look for problems relating to the urinary tract. [5] These may include blockages or narrowing, such as due to kidney stones, cancer (such as renal cell carcinoma or transitional cell carcinoma), enlarged prostate glands, and anatomical variations, [5] such as a medullary sponge kidney. [6]
Contrast-induced nephropathy (CIN) is a purported form of kidney damage in which there has been recent exposure to medical imaging contrast material without another clear cause for the acute kidney injury. Despite extensive speculation, the actual occurrence of contrast-induced nephropathy has not been demonstrated in the literature. [1]
Yet, CT scan is the best alternative for diagnosing intra-abdominal injury. [1] Computed tomography provides an overall better surgical strategy planning, and possibly fewer unnecessary laparotomies. Abdominal x-ray is therefore not recommended for adults with acute abdominal pain presenting in the emergency department. [2]