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Miscellaneous endodontic instruments. From left: Lentulo spiral, reamer, K-file and H-file. Hand files can provide tactile sensation when cleaning or shaping root canals. This allows the dentist to feel changes in resistance or angulation, which can help determine curvature, calcification and/or changes in anatomy, in which two dimensional radiographs may not always identif
The root canal filling material (3, 4, and 10) does not extend to the end of the tooth roots (5, 6 and 11). The dark circles at the bottom of the tooth roots (7 and 8) indicated infection in the surrounding bone. Recommended treatment is either to redo the root canal therapy or extract the tooth and place dental implants.
A root end surgery, also known as apicoectomy (apico-+ -ectomy), apicectomy (apic-+ -ectomy), retrograde root canal treatment (c.f. orthograde root canal treatment) or root-end filling, is an endodontic surgical procedure whereby a tooth's root tip is removed and a root end cavity is prepared and filled with a biocompatible material.
When a tooth has very deep periodontal pockets it may not be possible to fully remove the dental plaque/tartar/calculus from the tooth's root surface with scaling alone. In open flap debridement (OFD) the gum is peeled back to make it possible for the dentist to see and ensure full removal of tartar/calculus from these difficult to access areas ...
The toe-third of the instrument should be adapted to the crown or root surface. [5] The working-end should be at a 70-80 degree angle to the tooth surface, and the lower shank should be tilted slightly towards the tooth surface to achieve correct angulation. [5] The type of strokes used may vary depending on the tooth surface being addressed.
A high-speed dental handpiece Head of the dental drill. A dental drill or dental handpiece is a hand-held, mechanical instrument used to perform a variety of common dental procedures, including removing decay, polishing fillings, performing cosmetic dentistry, and altering prostheses.