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Typical values for the viscosity of normal human plasma at 37 °C is 1.4 mN·s/m 2. [3] The viscosity of normal plasma varies with temperature in the same way as does that of its solvent water [4];a 3°C change in temperature in the physiological range (36.5°C to 39.5°C)reduces plasma viscosity by about 10%. [5]
Most scientists measure temperature using the Celsius scale and thermodynamic temperature using the Kelvin scale, which is the Celsius scale offset so that its null point is 0 K = −273.15 °C, or absolute zero. Many engineering fields in the US, notably high-tech and US federal specifications (civil and military), also use the Kelvin and ...
Anders Celsius's original thermometer used a reversed scale, with 100 as the freezing point and 0 as the boiling point of water.. In 1742, Swedish astronomer Anders Celsius (1701–1744) created a temperature scale that was the reverse of the scale now known as "Celsius": 0 represented the boiling point of water, while 100 represented the freezing point of water. [5]
Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o liquid –3509 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 167.19 J/(mol K) at 25 °C Gas properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o gas –146.8 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o gas: 347.82 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o gas –3535 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p: 120.07 J/(mol K) at 25 °C
6.7 kJ/mol at –87.0 °C crystal II → crystal I Entropy of transition, Δ trs S o: 36 J/(mol·K) at –87.0 °C crystal II → crystal I Liquid properties Std enthalpy change of formation, Δ f H o liquid –156.4 kJ/mol Standard molar entropy, S o liquid: 204 J/(mol K) Enthalpy of combustion, Δ c H o –3919.6 kJ/mol Heat capacity, c p
The energy required to compress a gas to a certain volume may be determined by multiplying the difference between the gas pressure and the external pressure by the change in volume. A pressure gradient describes the potential to perform work on the surroundings by converting internal energy to work until equilibrium is reached.
28.5 dyn/cm at 10 °C 27.1 dyn/cm at 20 °C 26.67 dyn/cm at 25 °C 23.44 dyn/cm at 50 °C 21.7 dyn/cm at 60 °C 20.20 dyn/cm at 75 °C Viscosity [3] 0.786 mPa·s at –10 °C 0.699 mPa·s at 0 °C 0.563 mPa·s at 20 °C 0.542 mPa·s at 25 °C 0.464 mPa·s at 40 °C 0.389 mPa·s at 60 °C
The triple point is at a temperature of 273.16 K (0.01 °C; 32.02 °F) and a pressure of 611.657 pascals (0.00604 atm; 0.0887 psi); [71] it is the lowest pressure at which liquid water can exist. Until 2019, the triple point was used to define the Kelvin temperature scale. [72] [73]