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In the UK, the typical total stopping distances (thinking distance plus braking distance) used in The Highway Code are quoted in Rule 126 as: [24] 20 mph: 40 feet (12 metres) 30 mph: 75 feet (23 metres) 40 mph: 118 feet (36 metres) 50 mph: 175 feet (53 metres) 60 mph: 240 feet (73 metres) 70 mph: 315 feet (96 metres)
The two-second rule is useful as it can be applied to any speed. Drivers can find it difficult to estimate the correct distance from the car in front, let alone remember the stopping distances that are required for a given speed, or to compute the equation on the fly. The two-second rule provides a simpler way of perceiving the distance.
d MT = braking distance, m (ft) V = design speed, km/h (mph) a = deceleration rate, m/s 2 (ft/s 2) Actual braking distances are affected by the vehicle type and condition, the incline of the road, the available traction, and numerous other factors. A deceleration rate of 3.4 m/s 2 (11.2 ft/s 2) is used to determine stopping sight distance. [6]
0 to 100 km/h (0 to 60 mph) seconds seconds seconds acceleration: lower is better 0 to 100 to 0 mph seconds seconds seconds acceleration and braking: lower is better formerly common in British publications Autonomy: miles miles kilometers comfort, safety, economics, range higher is better Autonomous means self-governing. [1]
For a sample motorcycle moving at 22 m/s (50 mph) that has a front wheel with a moment of inertia of 0.6 kg·m 2, turning the front wheel one degree in half a second generates a roll moment of 3.5 N·m. In comparison, the lateral force on the front tire as it tracks out from under the motorcycle reaches a maximum of 50 N.
For heavy duty commercial vehicles it is recommended 4-6 seconds following distance for speeds under 30 mi/h (48 km/h), and 6-8 seconds following distance for speeds over 30 mi/h (48 km/h). [9] Rear-end collisions are the number one type of traffic collisions .
The time it takes a vehicle to accelerate from 0 to 60 miles per hour (97 km/h or 27 m/s), often said as just "zero to sixty" or "nought to sixty", is a commonly used performance measure for automotive acceleration in the United States and the United Kingdom. In the rest of the world, 0 to 100 km/h (0 to 62.1 mph) is used.
Motorcycle braking systems have varied throughout time, as motorcycles evolved from bicycles with an engine attached, to the 220 mph (350 km/h) prototype motorcycles seen racing in MotoGP. Most systems work by converting kinetic energy into thermal energy (heat) by friction.