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Anonychia is the failure to form fingernails or toenails. [ 1 ] It is an anomaly which may be the result of a congenital ectodermal defect, ichthyosis , severe infection, severe allergic contact dermatitis , self-inflicted trauma , Raynaud phenomenon , lichen planus , epidermolysis bullosa , or severe exfoliative diseases.
Cooks syndrome is a hereditary disorder which is characterized in the hands by bilateral nail hypoplasia on the thumb, index finger, and middle finger, absence of fingernails on the ring finger and little finger, lengthening of the thumbs, and bulbousness of the fingers.
The Hoffmann's reflex test itself involves loosely holding the middle finger and flicking the fingernail downward, allowing the middle finger to flick upward reflexively. A positive response is seen when there is flexion and adduction of the thumb on the same hand. [4] Eg. in hypertonia, the tips of other fingers flex and the thumb flexes and ...
The nail is an unguis, meaning a keratin structure at the end of a digit. Other examples of ungues include the claw, hoof, and talon. The nails of primates and the hooves of running mammals evolved from the claws of earlier animals. [38] In contrast to nails, claws are typically curved ventrally (downwards in animals) and compressed sideways.
Nail–patella syndrome is a genetic disorder that results in small, poorly developed nails and kneecaps, but can also affect many other areas of the body, such as the elbows, chest, and hips. The name "nail–patella" can be very misleading because the syndrome often affects many other areas of the body, including even the production of ...
The lunula (pl.: lunulae; from Latin 'little moon') is the crescent-shaped whitish area of the bed of a fingernail or toenail. In humans, it appears by week 14 [1] of gestation, and has a primary structural role in defining the free edge of the distal nail plate (the part of the nail that grows outward).
Onychorrhexis also known as brittle nails, is brittleness with breakage of fingernails or toenails. Paronychia is a bacterial or fungal infection where the nail and skin meet. Koilonychia is when the nail curves upwards (becomes spoon-shaped) due to an iron deficiency. The normal process of change is: brittle nails, straight nails, spoon-shaped ...
While ingrown nails can occur in the nails of both the hands and the feet, they occur most commonly with the toenails (as opposed to fingernails). [citation needed] A common misconception is that the cause of an ingrown toenail is the nail growing into the paronychium, but it can also be caused by overgrown toe skin. [2]