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Vacuum permittivity, commonly denoted ε 0 (pronounced "epsilon nought" or "epsilon zero"), is the value of the absolute dielectric permittivity of classical vacuum. It may also be referred to as the permittivity of free space, the electric constant, or the distributed capacitance of the vacuum. It is an ideal (baseline) physical constant.
The relative permittivity (in older texts, dielectric constant) is the permittivity of a material expressed as a ratio with the electric permittivity of a vacuum. A dielectric is an insulating material, and the dielectric constant of an insulator measures the ability of the insulator to store electric energy in an electrical field.
The susceptibility is defined as the constant of proportionality (which may be a tensor) relating an electric field E to the induced dielectric polarization density P such that = , where ε o is the electric permittivity of free space.
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magnetostatics (ratio of the permeability of a specific medium to free space) Relative permittivity = electrostatics (ratio of capacitance of test capacitor with dielectric material versus vacuum) Specific gravity: SG (same as Relative density) Stefan number: Ste
The analogous quantity for a plane wave travelling through a dielectric medium is called the intrinsic impedance of the medium and designated η . Hence Z 0 is sometimes referred to as the intrinsic impedance of free space, [2] and given the symbol η 0. [3] It has numerous other synonyms, including: wave impedance of free space, [4] the vacuum ...
The permeability of vacuum (also known as permeability of free space) is a physical constant, denoted μ 0. The SI units of μ are volt-seconds per ampere-meter, equivalently henry per meter. Typically μ would be a scalar, but for an anisotropic material, μ could be a second rank tensor.
The dielectric constant is often quoted as the relative dielectric constant referred to the dielectric constant of free space : = . When the insulator is a mixture of different dielectric materials (e.g., polyethylene foam is a mixture of polyethylene and air), then the term effective dielectric constant ϵ e f f {\displaystyle \ \epsilon ...