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  2. Analog-to-digital converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analog-to-digital_converter

    An ADC with an intermediate FM stage first uses a voltage-to-frequency converter to produce an oscillating signal with a frequency proportional to the voltage of the input signal, and then uses a frequency counter to convert that frequency into a digital count proportional to the desired signal voltage. Longer integration times allow for higher ...

  3. Pulse-code modulation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pulse-code_modulation

    The sine wave is sampled at regular intervals, shown as vertical lines. For each sample, one of the available values (on the y-axis) is chosen. The PCM process is commonly implemented on a single integrated circuit called an analog-to-digital converter (ADC). This produces a fully discrete representation of the input signal (blue points) that ...

  4. Audio codec - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio_codec

    In hardware, audio codec refers to a single device that encodes analog audio as digital signals and decodes digital back into analog. In other words, it contains both an analog-to-digital converter (ADC) and digital-to-analog converter (DAC) running off the same clock signal.

  5. Effective number of bits - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective_number_of_bits

    Effective number of bits (ENOB) is a measure of the real dynamic range of an analog-to-digital converter (ADC), digital-to-analog converter (DAC), or associated circuitry. . Although the resolution of a converter may be specified by the number of bits used to represent the analog value, real circuits however are imperfect and introduce additional noise and distor

  6. Signal-to-noise ratio - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signal-to-noise_ratio

    ADC and DAC Glossary – Maxim Integrated Products; Understand SINAD, ENOB, SNR, THD, THD + N, and SFDR so you don't get lost in the noise floor – Analog Devices; The Relationship of dynamic range to data word size in digital audio processing; Calculation of signal-to-noise ratio, noise voltage, and noise level

  7. Differential nonlinearity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differential_nonlinearity

    Differential nonlinearity (acronym DNL) is a commonly used measure of performance in digital-to-analog (DAC) and analog-to-digital (ADC) converters. It is a term describing the deviation between two analog values corresponding to adjacent input digital values.

  8. Spurious-free dynamic range - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spurious-free_dynamic_range

    Spurious-free dynamic range (SFDR) is the strength ratio of the fundamental signal to the strongest spurious signal in the output.It is also defined as a measure used to specify analog-to-digital and digital-to-analog converters (ADCs and DACs, respectively) and radio receivers.

  9. Digital-to-analog converter - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital-to-analog_converter

    An analog-to-digital converter (ADC) performs the reverse function. There are several DAC architectures; the suitability of a DAC for a particular application is determined by figures of merit including: resolution, maximum sampling frequency and others. Digital-to-analog conversion can degrade a signal, so a DAC should be specified that has ...