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A society (/ s ə ˈ s aɪ ə t i /) is a ... horticultural societies emerged about 10,000 years ago, ... which is based on physical characteristics, ...
Social institution – Any persistent structure or mechanism of social order governing the behaviour of a set of individuals within a given community. The term "institution" is commonly applied to customs and behavior patterns important to a society, as well as to particular formal organizations of government and public services.
Traditional society has often been contrasted with modern industrial society, with figures like Durkheim and Pierre Bourdieu stressing such polarities as community vs. society or mechanical vs. organic solidarity; [3] while Claude Lévi-Strauss saw traditional societies as 'cold' societies in that they refused to allow the historical process to define their social sense of legitimacy.
While such beliefs can stem from an impressive performance or success, they can also arise from possessing characteristics a society has deemed meaningful like a person's race or occupation. In this way, status reflects how a society judges a person's relative social worth and merit—however accurate or inaccurate that judgement may be. [5]
The most important factor in his theory is technology. [68] Social systems are determined by technological systems, wrote White in his book, [69] echoing the earlier theory of Lewis Henry Morgan. He proposes a society's energy consumption as a measure of its advancement. [68] He differentiates between five stages of human development. [68]
A complex society is characterized by the following modern features: Organizational society wherein its economy is structured according to specialization and a division of labor . These economic features spawn a bureaucratic class and institutionalize inequality.
In fact, his early writings show a coherent theory of general evolution several years before Darwin published anything on the subject. [40] Encouraged by his friend and follower Edward L. Youmans, [41] [42] Spencer published The Study of Sociology in 1874, which was the first book with the term "sociology" in the title. It is estimated that he ...
The origins of society — the evolutionary emergence of distinctively human social organization — is an important topic ... in the number of their surviving ...