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Immigration to Russia involves foreign citizens (or people without any citizenship) seeking permanent residence in the territory of the Russian Federation.Historically, Russian empire was one of the World's leading destination for immigrants starting with the reign of Peter I in ca. 1700, and especially after the ascension of Catherine II to the Russian throne in 1762, until the October ...
In January 2024, members of the self-exiled rock band Bi-2, who fled Russia after Russia's invasion of Ukraine and publicly denounced the war and Putin's regime, were arrested in Thailand for allegedly violating immigration regulations and faced possible deportation to Russia because some of its members have Russian citizenship.
The fourth wave of Russian emigration took place after the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 when people began migrating from Russia in large numbers. This wave continues into the present, with the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine leading to considerable Russian emigration associated with the invasion .
These are lists of countries by foreign-born population and lists of countries by number native-born persons living in a foreign country (emigrants).. According to the United Nations, in 2019, the United States, Germany, Saudi Arabia, Russia and France had the largest number of immigrants of any country, while Tuvalu, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, and Tokelau had the lowest.
Russia has become increasingly reliant on immigration to maintain its population; 2021 had the highest net immigration since 1994, [25] despite which there was a small overall decline from 146.1 million to 145.4 million in 2021, the largest decline in over a decade.
Finland borders Russia directly, and from 1809 until 1917 was a Grand Duchy of Finland in personal union with the Russian Empire. As of 2013, Finland had 31,000 Russian citizens, which amounted to 0.56% of the population, [67] and 80,000 (1.5%) [clarification needed] speak Russian as their mother tongue.
Due to Russia's declining population, and the low birth rates and high death rates of ethnic Russians, the Russian government has tried to increase immigration to the country in the last decade; [5] which has led to millions of migrants flow into Russia from mainly post-Soviet states, many of whom are illegal and remain undocumented. [6] [7] [8]
An excess of people entering a country is referred to as net immigration (e.g., 3.56 migrants/1,000 population). An excess of people leaving a country is referred to as net emigration (e.g., -9.26 migrants/1,000 population). The net migration rate indicates the contribution of migration to the overall level of population change.