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A price war is a form of market competition in which companies within an industry engage in aggressive pricing activity "characterized by the repeated cutting of prices below those of competitors". [1] This leads to a vicious cycle, where each competitor attempts to match or undercut the price of the other. [2]
Cost plus pricing is a cost-based method for setting the prices of goods and services. Under this approach, the direct material cost, direct labor cost, and overhead costs for a product are added up and added to a markup percentage (to create a profit margin) in order to derive the price of the product.
Oligopolies are another form of imperfect competition market structures. An oligopoly is when a small number of firms collude, either explicitly or tacitly, to restrict output and/or fix prices, in order to achieve above normal market returns. [13] Oligopolies can be made up of two or more firms.
An OECD Competition Committee Roundtable "Algorithms and Collusion" took place in June 2017 in order to address the risk of possible anti-competitive behaviour by algorithms. [ 25 ] It is important to distinguish between simple algorithms intentionally programmed to raise price according to the competitors and more sophisticated self-learning ...
In Bertrand Competition, we have made several assumptions, for instance, each firm produces identical goods and cost. However, this is not the case in the real world because there are a lot of factors that lead the cost of different firms to become slightly different like the cost of renting and the larger scale of the firm can enjoy economies ...
Superficially, a drugstore chain like Walgreen is a simple business to run. It opens up a store, sells a large volume of drugs and health products, and makes a small profit margin for itself in ...
Dumping, also known as predatory pricing, is a commercial strategy for which a company sells a product at an aggressively low price in a competitive market at a loss.A company with large market share and the ability to temporarily sacrifice selling a product or service at below average cost can drive competitors out of the market, [1] after which the company would be free to raise prices for a ...
Cournot competition is an economic model used to describe an industry structure in which companies compete on the amount of output they will produce, which they decide on independently of each other and at the same time. It is named after Antoine Augustin Cournot (1801–1877) who was inspired by observing competition in a spring water duopoly. [1]