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Deng argued that due to the isolation of China in the international order of the time and an extremely underdeveloped economy, in order for China to achieve socialism and to bridge the gap between China and Western capitalism, China would have to borrow certain market elements and aspects of capitalism into its economy. [16]
Deng Xiaoping (Chinese: 邓小平; [a] 22 August 1904 – 19 February 1997) was a Chinese statesman, revolutionary, and political theorist who served as the paramount leader of the People's Republic of China from 1978 to 1989.
Mao contended that Deng Xiaoping, who was a lifelong CCP member and was committed to the party's approach since he was a young boy, [1] was a capitalist roader and that the Soviet Union fell to capitalist roaders from within the Communist Party of the Soviet Union after the death of Joseph Stalin in 1953.
The cat theory was revived after Deng Xiaoping became the paramount leader of China in December 1978, when he and his allies launched the "Reform and Opening" of China.[8] [12] [14] After the Tiananmen Square Massacre in 1989, the reform and opening program went into stagnation, and there were fears and concerns within the Chinese Communist Party that further reforms may turn China into a ...
Deng Xiaoping, the architect of the Chinese economic reforms, did not believe that the market economy was synonymous with capitalism or that planning was synonymous with socialism. [17] During his southern tour, he said that "planning and market forces are not the essential difference between socialism and capitalism.
The image of Deng Xiaoping in Shenzhen, Guangdong, one of the first special economic zones approved by Deng in 1979 . In 1979, Deng Xiaoping emphasized the goal of "Four Modernizations" and further proposed the idea of "xiaokang", or "moderately prosperous society".
For these, Chinese Paramount leader Deng Xiaoping coined the name "special zones" [5] [6] and characterized them as experiments in the mold of the pre-1949 Communist base areas. [7]: 65 The proposal was approved on July 15 and the four special zones were officially established on August 26, 1979. [8]
During Deng's 1992 Southern Tour, Deng promoted the ideological basis for the socialist market economy, stating his view that "[p]lanned economy does not equal socialism and market economy does not equal capitalism. Socialism can have market mechanisms as well, and government planning and market are both economic means."