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In the 1830s, most chattel slaves in India were indigenous Indian women and children, employed as domestic house servants, concubines (sex slaves) dancing girls, soldiers or agricultural laborers, while it was more common for laborers to be serfs rather than slaves; in 1841 there were reportedly an estimated 9 million slaves in India, most of ...
The Indian Slavery Act, 1843, also known as Act V of 1843, was an act passed in British India under East India Company rule, which outlawed many economic transactions associated with slavery. The act states how the sale of any person as a slave was banned, and anyone buying or selling slaves would be prosecuted under the law, the offence ...
The Indian indenture system was a system of indentured servitude, by which more than 1.6 million workers [1] from British India were transported to labour in European colonies, as a substitute for slave labour, following the abolition of the trade in the early 19th century.
Gulamgiri is a seminal work authored by Jyotirao Phule, a prominent Indian social activist, anti-caste reformer, thinker, and writer from Maharashtra.Originally published in Marathi in 1873, with a preface in English, the book addresses issues related to caste, slavery, and social reform, making it one of the earliest critiques of the caste system.
For almost a century, his descendants ruled North-Central India in form of Slave Dynasty. Several slaves were also brought to India by the Indian Ocean trades; for example, the Siddi are descendants of Bantu slaves brought to India by Arab and Portuguese merchants. [247] Andre Wink summarizes the slavery in 8th and 9th century India as follows,
Female and male slaves from Ethiopia made up the main supply of slaves to India and the Middle East. [61] Ethiopian slaves, both females imported as concubines and men imported as eunuchs, were imported in 19th-century Iran. [62] [63] Sudan, Ethiopia, Tanzania and Zanzibar exported the majority of slaves traded to 19th-century Iran. [64]
In chattel slavery, the slave is legally rendered the personal property (chattel) of the slave owner. In economics, the term de facto slavery describes the conditions of unfree labour and forced labour that most slaves endure. [6] Gordon, a slave from Louisiana, in 1863. The scars are the result of a whipping by his overseer.
Chatterjee's project Slaves, Souls and Subjects in South Asia highlights occluded history of slavery in South Asia in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. It also emphasizes on the existence of war-captives and bonded debtors that reside in local societies on the borders between India and Burma.