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Preductal coarctation results when an intracardiac anomaly during fetal life decreases blood flow through the left side of the heart, leading to hypoplastic development of the aorta. This is the type seen in approximately 5% of infants with Turner syndrome. [4] [5] Ductal coarctation: The narrowing occurs at the insertion of the ductus arteriosus.
Coarctation’s a fancy way of saying “narrowing”, so a coarctation of the aorta means a narrowing of the aorta. If we look at the heart, we’ve got the right and left atria, the right and left ventricles, the pulmonary artery leaving the right ventricle to the lungs, and the aorta leaving the left ventricle and going to to the body.
Classic for a coarctation of the aorta. Coarctation of the aorta is narrowing of the aorta. This can occur in Turner's Syndrome, (gonadal dysgenesis). Turner's Syndrome is an X-linked disorder with absence of one X-chromosome. Other exam findings of coarctation of the aorta include radio-femoral delay.
Coarctation of the aorta presents with a significant difference in blood pressure between the upper and lower limbs, a systolic murmur or radiofemoral delay. [ citation needed ] Causes
PPHN can range from mild to severe disease. In the most severe form, infants experience severe hypoxemia resulting in cardiac and pulmonary complications. [4] As a result of low oxygen levels, infants with PPHN are at an increased risk of developing complications, such as asphyxia, chronic lung disease, neurodevelopment issues, and death.
Patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) is a medical condition in which the ductus arteriosus fails to close after birth: this allows a portion of oxygenated blood from the left heart to flow back to the lungs from the aorta, which has a higher blood pressure, to the pulmonary artery, which has a lower blood pressure.
Classifying cardiac lesions in infants is quite difficult, and accurate diagnosis is essential. The diagnosis of Shone’s syndrome requires an ultrasound of the heart (echocardiogram) and a cardiac catheterization procedure, that is, insertion of a device through blood vessels in the groin to the heart that helps identify heart anatomy. [3]
An acyanotic heart defect, is a class of congenital heart defects.In these, blood is shunted (flows) from the left side of the heart to the right side of the heart, most often due to a structural defect (hole) in the interventricular septum. [1]