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Late-life depression is often underdiagnosed, which is due to numerous reasons, including that depressed mood is commonly not as prominent as other somatic and psychotic symptoms such as loss of appetite, disruptions in sleep, lack of energy or anergia, fatigue, and loss of interest and enjoyment in normal life activities.
Delirium (formerly acute confusional state, an ambiguous term that is now discouraged) [1] is a specific state of acute confusion attributable to the direct physiological consequence of a medical condition, effects of a psychoactive substance, or multiple causes, which usually develops over the course of hours to days.
Elderly people often experience multiple comorbidities that may contribute to the phenomenon of sundowning syndrome through neurodegeneration. Neurological disorders: Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease , Huntington's disease , Lewy body dementia , fronto-temporal dementia, subcortical dementia.
The behavioral symptoms can include agitation, restlessness, inappropriate behavior, sexual disinhibition, and verbal or physical aggression. [23] These symptoms may result from impairments in cognitive inhibition. [24] The psychological symptoms can include depression, hallucinations (most often visual), [25] delusions, apathy, and anxiety.
Confusional arousals are accompanied by mental confusion and disorientation, relative lack of response to environmental stimuli, and difficulty of awakening the subject. [3] [4] [5] Vocalisation accompanied with coherent speech is common. [3] Patients may appear upset, and some of them become aggressive or agitated. [4]
In Psychology, confusion is the quality or emotional state of being bewildered or unclear. The term "acute mental confusion" [ 1 ] is often used interchangeably with delirium [ 2 ] in the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems and the Medical Subject Headings publications to describe the pathology .
Symptoms that can prompt a trip to the emergency room include severe dehydration and difficulty breathing. In babies, a warning sign is not having a wet diaper for eight to 10 hours straight.
The disease has many complications, including anxiety, dementia, and depression. [29] Parkinson's disease typically occurs in people over the age of 60, of whom about one percent are affected. [30] [31] The prevalence of Parkinson's disease dementia also increases with age, and to a lesser degree, duration of the disease. [32]