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PDF/UA (PDF/Universal Accessibility), [1] formally ISO 14289, is an International Organization for Standardization (ISO) standard for accessible PDF technology. A technical specification intended for developers implementing PDF writing and processing software, PDF/UA provides definitive terms and requirements for accessibility in PDF documents and applications. [2]
PDF documents can also contain display settings, including the page display layout and zoom level in a Viewer Preferences object. Adobe Reader uses these settings to override the user's default settings when opening the document. [43] The free Adobe Reader cannot remove these settings.
Reading is an area that has been extensively studied via the computational model system. The dual-route cascaded model (DRC) was developed to understand the dual-route to reading in humans. [14] Some commonalities between human reading and the DRC model are: [5] Frequently occurring words are read aloud faster than non-frequently occurring words.
Software that converts text to voice is readily available and can be easily used to read out Wikipedia pages on-the-fly. See screen reader . The web-based Pediaphon service uses speech synthesis to generate MP3 audio files and podcasts of Wikipedia articles in different languages.
The focus of punctuation still was rhetorical, to aid reading aloud. [12] As explained by writer and editor Lynne Truss, "The rise of printing in the 14th and 15th centuries meant that a standard system of punctuation was urgently required." [13] Printed books, whose letters were uniform, could be read much more rapidly than manuscripts. Rapid ...
Screen reading programs like JAWS, NVDA, and VoiceOver also include language verbosity, which automatically detects verbosity settings related to speech output language. For example, if a user navigated to a website based in the United Kingdom, the text would be read with an English accent. [citation needed]
A think-aloud (or thinking aloud) protocol is a method used to gather data in usability testing in product design and development, in psychology and a range of social sciences (e.g., reading, writing, translation research, decision making, and process tracing).
Versions of the dictionary have been published under other names, including Webster's New Universal Dictionary (which was previously the name of an entirely different dictionary), Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary, and Webster's Encyclopedic Unabridged Dictionary of the English Language.