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Graphical representation of the electrical conduction system of the heart that maintains the heart rate in the cardiac cycle. Electrical signals arising in the SA node (located in the right atrium) stimulate the atria to contract. Then the signals travel to the atrioventricular node (AV node), which is located in the interatrial septum.
Ventricular arrhythmias include ventricular fibrillation and ventricular tachycardia. [3] [7] Bradyarrhythmias are due to sinus node dysfunction or atrioventricular conduction disturbances. [8] Arrhythmias are due to problems with the electrical conduction system of the heart. [2]
Ischemia, electrolyte, pH abnormalities, or bradycardia are potential causes of functionally defined re-entry due to changes in the properties of the cardiac tissue's functional core. [2] (No accessory pathway required). For reentry to occur, the path length of circuit should be greater than the wave length (ERP × conduction velocity) of impulse.
Intraventricular conduction delays (IVCD) are conduction disorders seen in intraventricular propagation of supraventricular impulses resulting in changes in the QRS complex duration or morphology, or both. IVCD can be caused by abnormalities in the structures of bundle of His, Purkinje fibers or ventricular myocardium.
Any abnormality of conduction takes longer and causes "widened" QRS complexes. In bundle branch block, there can be an abnormal second upward deflection within the QRS complex. In this case, such a second upward deflection is referred to as R′ (pronounced "R prime"). This would be described as an RSR′ pattern.
Ectopic beats are considered normal and are not indicative of cardiac pathology. Ectopic beats often remain undetected and occur as part of minor errors in the heart conduction system. They are rarely indicative of cardiac pathology, although may occur more frequently or be more noticeable in those with existing cardiac abnormalities.
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