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  2. Statistical hypothesis test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Statistical_hypothesis_test

    An example of Neyman–Pearson hypothesis testing (or null hypothesis statistical significance testing) can be made by a change to the radioactive suitcase example. If the "suitcase" is actually a shielded container for the transportation of radioactive material, then a test might be used to select among three hypotheses: no radioactive source ...

  3. Simulation hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simulation_hypothesis

    Rizwan Virk, of Massachusetts Institute of Technology is a founder of PlayLabs, and author of the book, "The Simulation Hypothesis". A story about Virk trying on a virtual reality headset and forgetting he was in an empty room makes him wonder if the real world was created by more tech-savvy individuals, other than us. [49]

  4. Breusch–Godfrey test - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Breusch–Godfrey_test

    The Breusch–Godfrey test is a test for autocorrelation in the errors in a regression model. It makes use of the residuals from the model being considered in a regression analysis, and a test statistic is derived from these. The null hypothesis is that there is no serial correlation of any order up to p. [3]

  5. Neyman–Pearson lemma - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyman–Pearson_lemma

    Neyman–Pearson lemma [5] — Existence:. If a hypothesis test satisfies condition, then it is a uniformly most powerful (UMP) test in the set of level tests.. Uniqueness: If there exists a hypothesis test that satisfies condition, with >, then every UMP test in the set of level tests satisfies condition with the same .

  6. Hypothesis - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothesis

    The hypothesis of Andreas Cellarius, showing the planetary motions in eccentric and epicyclical orbits. A hypothesis (pl.: hypotheses) is a proposed explanation for a phenomenon. A scientific hypothesis must be based on observations and make a testable and reproducible prediction about reality, in a process beginning with an educated guess or ...

  7. Extraordinary claims require extraordinary evidence - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraordinary_claims...

    It appears in hypothesis testing where the hypothesis that there is no evidence for the proposed phenomenon, what is known as the "null hypothesis", is preferred. The formal argument involves assigning a stronger Bayesian prior to the acceptance of the null hypothesis as opposed to its rejection.

  8. Analysis of competing hypotheses - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analysis_of_competing...

    Heuer outlines the ACH process in considerable depth in his book, Psychology of Intelligence Analysis. [1] It consists of the following steps: Hypothesis – The first step of the process is to identify all potential hypotheses, preferably using a group of analysts with different perspectives to brainstorm the possibilities.

  9. Two-sample hypothesis testing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two-sample_hypothesis_testing

    In statistical hypothesis testing, a two-sample test is a test performed on the data of two random samples, each independently obtained from a different given population. The purpose of the test is to determine whether the difference between these two populations is statistically significant .