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Changes in the forest ecosystem are primarily a result of changes in forest structure and species composition. [1] American chestnut used to compose up to 50 percent of the canopy in many eastern deciduous forest, [11] Ash species make up 7 percent of all Wisconsin forests (for example) [12] and up to 90 percent of some forests. [13]
Temperate deciduous forests are characterized by a variety of temperate deciduous tree species that vary based on region. [6] Most tree species present in temperate deciduous forests are broadleaf trees that lose their leaves in the fall, [8] though some coniferous trees such as pines (Pinus) are present in northern temperate deciduous forests. [6]
Invasive earthworms have caused a decrease in diversity, seedling populations, forest floor organic matter volume, and overall habitat quality. In addition, there is often an increase in invasive species and a decreased diversity of non-plant organisms. Some species that provide important biological niches to the ecosystem may be eradicated.
An invasive species is a non-native plant or animal, usually brought in by people, that is well suited or adapts to the new habitat, outcompeting native species and threatening the local ecosystem.
The Eastern Temperate Forest Ecoregion has favorable growing conditions for a number of plant species, the dominant being large, broadleaf, deciduous trees. [2] Before the arrival of Europeans, this area was almost completely forested.
Forests in the United States can be categorized into three main forest biomes, they are boreal, temperate, or sub-tropical based on the location and climate of the forest. Each of these biomes faces various threats of deforestation , urban development, [ 2 ] soil compaction , species extinction, unmanaged recreational use, invasive species , or ...
"Invasion of a deciduous forest by earthworms: changes in soil chemistry, microflora, microarthropds, and vegetation." Soil Biology and Biochemistry 39 (2007): 1099-110. Frelich, Lee E., Cindy M. Hale, and Stefan Scheu. "Earthworm invasion into previously earthworm-free temperate and boreal forests." Biological Invasions 8 (2006): 1235-245. Print.
It is native to a few small areas of the United States, but it has been widely planted and naturalized elsewhere in temperate North America, [4] Europe, Southern Africa [5] and Asia and is considered an invasive species in some areas, such as the temperate east coast of Australia where the cultivar "Frisia" (Golden Robinia) was widely planted ...