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Non-vascular plants are plants without a vascular system consisting of xylem and phloem. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water. Instead, they may possess simpler tissues that have specialized functions for the internal transport of water.
Hornworts (Anthocerophyta) were once believed to be the closest living relatives of the vascular plants. Mosses are one group of bryophytes. Traditionally, all living land plants without vascular tissues were classified in a single taxonomic group, often a division (or phylum). The term "Bryophyta" was first suggested by Braun in 1864. [17]
Taylor et al. in their book Paleobotany use Rhyniophyta as a formal taxon, [3]: 1028 but with a loose definition: plants "characterized by dichotomously branched, naked aerial axes with terminal sporangia". [3]: 227 They thus include under "other rhyniophytes" plants apparently without vascular tissue. [3]: 246ff
Although some species have conducting tissues, these are generally poorly developed and structurally different from similar tissue found in vascular plants. [6] Mosses do not have seeds and after fertilisation develop sporophytes with unbranched stalks topped with single capsules containing spores. They are typically 0.2–10 cm (0.1–3.9 in ...
Plants with microphyll leaves occur early in the fossil record, and few such plants exist today. In the classical concept of a microphyll, the leaf vein emerges from the protostele without leaving a leaf gap. Leaf gaps are small areas above the node of some leaves where there is no vascular tissue, as it has all been diverted to the leaf.
In vascular plants, perpendicular forces are spread over a larger area and are relatively flexible in both bending and torsion, enabling elastic deforming without damage. [47] Many leaves rely on hydrostatic support arranged around a skeleton of vascular tissue for their strength, which depends on maintaining leaf water status. Both the ...
The gymnosperms (/ ˈ dʒ ɪ m n ə ˌ s p ɜːr m z,-n oʊ-/ ⓘ JIM-nə-spurmz, -noh-; lit. ' revealed seeds ') are a group of woody, perennial seed-producing plants, typically lacking the protective outer covering which surrounds the seeds in flowering plants, that include conifers, cycads, Ginkgo, and gnetophytes, forming the clade Gymnospermae [2] The term gymnosperm comes from the ...
Polysporangiophytes may or may not have vascular tissue – those that do are vascular plants or tracheophytes. [ citation needed ] Prior to that, most of the early polysporangiophytes had been placed in a single order , Psilophytales, in the class Psilophyta, established in 1917 by Kidston and Lang. [ 10 ] The living Psilotaceae , the whisk ...