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  2. Consonant voicing and devoicing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consonant_voicing_and...

    Most commonly, the change is a result of sound assimilation with an adjacent sound of opposite voicing, but it can also occur word-finally or in contact with a specific vowel. For example, the English suffix -s is pronounced [s] when it follows a voiceless phoneme (cats), and [z] when it follows a voiced phoneme (dogs). [1]

  3. English orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_orthography

    word-final - s morpheme after a fortis sound /s/ pets, shops: word-final - s morpheme after a lenis sound /z/ beds, magazines: between vowels /z/ phrases, prison, pleasing /s/ /ʒ/ bases, bison, leasing vision, closure elsewhere /s/ song, ask, misled /z/ /ʃ/ ∅: is, lens, raspberry sugar, tension island, aisle, debris, mesne sc: before e, i ...

  4. Ż - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ż

    In the Polish language, ż is the final, 32nd letter of the alphabet. It typically represents the voiced retroflex fricative ( [ʐ] ), somewhat similar to the pronunciation of g in "mira g e"; however, in a word-final position or when followed by a voiceless obstruent, it is devoiced to the voiceless retroflex fricative ( [ʂ] ).

  5. Latin phonology and orthography - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Latin_phonology_and...

    By this sound change, words like egō, modō, benē, amā with long final vowel change to ego, modo, bene, ama with short final vowel. [61] The term also refers to shortening of closed syllables following a short syllable, for example quid ĕst, volŭptātem, apŭd iudicem and so on.

  6. Z - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z

    Z or z is the twenty-sixth and last letter of the Latin alphabet. It is used in the modern English alphabet , in the alphabets of other Western European languages, and in others worldwide. Its usual names in English are zed ( / ˈ z ɛ d / ), which is most commonly used in British English and zee ( / ˈ z iː / ), most commonly used in North ...

  7. Voice (phonetics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voice_(phonetics)

    The English word nods is made up of a sequence of phonemes, represented symbolically as /nɒdz/, or the sequence of /n/, /ɒ/, /d/, and /z/. Each symbol is an abstract representation of a phoneme. That awareness is an inherent part of speakers' mental grammar that allows them to recognise words. However, phonemes are not sounds in themselves.

  8. Voiced alveolar fricative - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voiced_alveolar_fricative

    The voiced alveolar fricatives are consonantal sounds. The symbol in the International Phonetic Alphabet that represents these sounds depends on whether a sibilant or non-sibilant fricative is being described. The symbol for the alveolar sibilant is z , and the equivalent X-SAMPA symbol is z.

  9. Elision - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elision

    However, these terms are also used to refer more narrowly to cases where two words are run together by the omission of a final sound. [1] An example is the elision of word-final /t/ in English if it is preceded and followed by a consonant: "first light" is often pronounced "firs' light" (/fɜrs laɪt/). [2]