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The air pollution in Cairo is a matter of serious concern. The air pollution in downtown Cairo is more than 10 to 100 times of acceptable world standards. [8] Cairo has a poor factor because of lack of rain and its layout of tall buildings and narrow streets, which create a bowl effect (bad ventilation and consequent trapping of pollutants).
Along the river upstream, the banks support dense growths of reeds (genus Phragmites) and bulrushes (genus Typha). The Nile in Egypt has 533 species of plants, eight of which are endemic. [4] The delta and riverine wetlands of the ecoregion are an important stopping point for migratory birds on the Asian–East African Flyway.
Water resources management in Egypt depends on a complex set of infrastructure along the entire length of the river. The key element of this infrastructure is the Aswan High Dam that forms Lake Nasser. The High Dam protects Egypt from floods, stores water for year-round irrigation and produces hydropower.
The Nile river is the only water source for most of Egypt, including its capital Cairo shown here. Egypt's main source of freshwater is the Nile River. The river supplies 55 billion m 3 of freshwater every year, which represents 97% of all renewable water resources in Egypt. [5] Overall, the Nile River constitutes about 90% Egypt's water supply.
By the 1960s the river had become a neglected, polluted mess due to undustrial pollution. In 1969, Pollution Probe held a much celebrated "Funeral for the Don" to highlight the plight of the river. [228] The river would have a few species of fish be restored following the closure of industrial sites and cleanup efforts. East River
Nile River and Delta. The Suez Canal is east of the delta and enters the coastal Lake Manzala in the north-east of the delta. To the north-west are three other coastal lakes or lagoons: Lake Burullus, Lake Idku and Lake Mariout. The Nile is considered to be an "arcuate" delta (arc-shaped), as it resembles a triangle or flower when seen from above.
In Egypt, 39% of installed gas and 7% of oil power plant capacity are in low-elevation areas that are vulnerable to this threat. [12] Alexandria , the second largest city in Egypt with a population of 5 million people, and the Nile Delta region are among the world's most vulnerable areas to climate change.
Anthropogenic activities also include discrete elements like the use of fire, domestication of plants and animals, soil development, the establishment of settlements and irrigation. [3] River ecosystems have been transformed downstream from the point of pollution.