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Bremsstrahlung produced by a high-energy electron deflected in the electric field of an atomic nucleus. In particle physics, bremsstrahlung / ˈ b r ɛ m ʃ t r ɑː l ə ŋ / [1] (German pronunciation: [ˈbʁɛms.ʃtʁaːlʊŋ] ⓘ; from German bremsen 'to brake' and Strahlung 'radiation') is electromagnetic radiation produced by the deceleration of a charged particle when deflected by ...
Solar radio emission refers to radio waves that are naturally produced by the Sun, primarily from the lower and upper layers of the atmosphere called the chromosphere and corona, respectively. The Sun produces radio emissions through four known mechanisms, each of which operates primarily by converting the energy of moving electrons into ...
X-ray filter. An X-ray filter (or compensating filter) is a device placed in front of an X-ray source in order to reduce the intensity of particular wavelengths from its spectrum and selectively alter the distribution of X-ray wavelengths within a given beam before reaching the image receptor. [1] Adding a filtration device to certain x-ray ...
The Duane–Hunt law explains why the continuous curve goes to zero at 21 pm. The Duane–Hunt law, named after the American physicists William Duane and Franklin L. Hunt, [1] gives the maximum frequency of X-rays that can be emitted by Bremsstrahlung in an X-ray tube by accelerating electrons through an excitation voltage V into a metal target.
Kramers' opacity law describes the opacity of a medium in terms of the ambient density and temperature, assuming that the opacity is dominated by bound-free absorption (the absorption of light during ionization of a bound electron) or free-free absorption (the absorption of light when scattering a free ion, also called bremsstrahlung). [1]
Mechanism of sonoluminescence. Sonoluminescence is a phenomenon that occurs when a small gas bubble is acoustically suspended and periodically driven in a liquid solution at ultrasonic frequencies, resulting in bubble collapse, cavitation, and light emission. The thermal energy that is released from the bubble collapse is so great that it can ...
The Bethe formula or Bethe–Bloch formula describes the mean energy loss per distance travelled of swift charged particles (protons, alpha particles, atomic ions) traversing matter (or alternatively the stopping power of the material). [1] For electrons the energy loss is slightly different due to their small mass (requiring relativistic ...
Beamstrahlung (from beam + bremsstrahlung ) is the radiation from one beam of charged particles in storage rings, linear or circular colliders, namely the synchrotron radiation emitted due to the electromagnetic field of the opposing beam. [ 1][ 2] Coined by J. Rees in 1978. [ 3]