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After the harvest, the grapes are taken into a winery and prepared for primary ferment; at this stage red wine making diverges from white wine making. Red wine is made from the must (pulp, including the juice) of red or black grapes and fermentation occurs together with the grape skins, which impart color, flavor and tannins to the wine through ...
Typically, white wine is fermented between 18–20 °C (64–68 °F) though a wine maker may choose to use a higher temperature to bring out some of the complexity of the wine. Red wine is typically fermented at higher temperatures 20–30 °C (68–86 °F).
Red wine represents 52% of total wine consumption in Spain, [9] 55.6% in Italy in 2004, [12] and 70% in Switzerland. [10] In Canada, red wine dominates with a 52.3% share of total wine sales in 2004, although there are regional disparities, with Quebec favoring it even more. [13] In the United States, there is a balance between white wine ...
The length of time that a wine spends on its lees (called sur lie) will depend on the winemaking style and type of wine. [12] The process of leaving the wine to spend some contact with the lees has a long history in winemaking, being known to the Ancient Romans and described by Cato the Elder in the 2nd century BC.
It can also affect the sensory aspects of a wine, making the mouthfeel seem smoother and adding potential complexity in the flavor and aroma of the wine. For these other reasons, most red wines throughout the world (as well as many sparkling wines and nearly 20% of the world's white wines) today go through malolactic fermentation. [3]
For Rosé, red wine grapes are allowed some maceration between the skins and must, but not to the extent of red wine production. [ 1 ] While maceration is a technique usually associated with wine, it is used with other drinks, such as Lambic , pioĊunówka , Campari and crème de cassis , and also used to steep unflavored spirit with herbs for ...