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The Crusades were a series of religious wars initiated, supported, and sometimes directed by the Christian Latin Church in the medieval period.The best known of these military expeditions are those to the Holy Land between 1095 and 1291 that had the objective of reconquering Jerusalem and its surrounding area from Muslim rule after the region had been conquered by the Rashidun Caliphate ...
The crusades were religious wars that the Christian Latin church initiated, supported, and sometimes directed during the Middle Ages. The members of the church defined this movement in legal and theological terms based on the concepts of holy war and pilgrimage.
Crusades against Christians were Christian religious wars dating from the 11th century First Crusade when papal reformers began equating the universal church with the papacy. Later in the 12th century the focus of crusades century focus changed from non-christian pagans and infidels to heretics and schismatics.
A Christian theology of war inevitably evolved from the point when Roman citizenship and Christianity became linked. Citizens were required to fight against the empire's enemies. Dating from the works of the 4th-century theologian Augustine of Hippo, a doctrine of holy war developed. Augustine wrote that aggressive war was sinful, but war could ...
Crusades include the traditional numbered crusades and other conflicts that prominent historians have identified as crusades. The scope of the term "crusade" first referred to military expeditions undertaken by European Christians in the 11th, 12th, and 13th centuries to the Holy Land.
The history of the Crusades begins with the advent of Christian pilgrimage to the Holy Land combined with the rise of Islam and its subsequent conquest of Jerusalem. [2] 326. Saint Helena, mother of Constantine the Great, travels to the Holy Land. [3] She returns with Holy relics and begins a tradition of Christian pilgrimage. [4] After 334.
Chronologies of the Crusades presents the list of chronologies and timelines concerning the Crusades.These include the Crusades to the Holy Land, the Fall of Outremer, the Crusades after Acre, 1291–1399, the Crusades of the 15th Century, the Northern Crusades, Crusades against Christians, the Popular Crusades and the Reconquista.
Crusades in the Holy Land (or Levant) continued until the siege of Acre in 1291, when the Western nations were expelled from the region. Crusades continued in the Mediterranean, including Cyprus and Rhodes, until 1578, primarily pitting the West against the Ottoman Empire. Crusades in other theaters including northern Europe, Iberia, Italy and ...