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Pyrethrum was a genus of several Old World plants now classified in either Chrysanthemum or Tanacetum which are cultivated as ornamentals for their showy flower heads. Pyrethrum continues to be used as a common name for plants formerly included in the genus Pyrethrum .
Permethrin is a medication and an insecticide. [6] [7] As a medication, it is used to treat scabies and lice. [8]It is applied to the skin as a cream or lotion. [6] As an insecticide, it can be sprayed onto outer clothing or mosquito nets to kill the insects that touch them.
Insecticides used for the treatment of head lice include lindane, malathion, carbaryl, pyrethrum, piperonyl butoxide, permethrin, phenothrin, bioallethrin, and spinosad. Many of the pediculicides in the market are either not fully effective or are ineffective when they are used according to the instructions.
Chemical structure of Allethrin isomers Chemical structure of Permethrin isomers. A pyrethroid is an organic compound similar to the natural pyrethrins, which are produced by the flowers of pyrethrums (Chrysanthemum cinerariaefolium and C. coccineum).
Pyrethrin I (C n H 28 O 3) and pyrethrin II (C n H 28 O 5) are structurally related esters with a cyclopropane core. Pyrethrin I is a derivative of (+)- trans - chrysanthemic acid . [ 12 ] [ 13 ] Pyrethrin II is closely related, but one methyl group is oxidized to a carboxymethyl group, the resulting core being called pyrethric acid.
Pyrethroids are synthetic insecticides based on natural pyrethrum (), such as permethrin.. A common formulation of pyrethrin is in preparations containing the synthetic chemical piperonyl butoxide: this has the effect of enhancing the toxicity to insects and speeding the effects when compared with pyrethrins used alone.
Allethrin I (R = −CH 3) Allethrin II (R = −COOCH 3). The allethrins are a group of related synthetic compounds used in insecticides.They are classified as pyrethroids, i.e. synthetic versions of pyrethrin, a chemical with insecticidal properties found naturally in Chrysanthemum flowers.
In 2016 insecticides were estimated to account for 18% of worldwide pesticide sales. [2] Worldwide sales of insecticides in 2018 were estimated as $ 18.4 billion, of which 25% were neonicotinoids, 17% were pyrethroids, 13% were diamides, and the rest were many other classes which sold for less than 10% each of the market.