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Their main functions are altering the tongue's position allowing for protrusion, retraction, and side-to-side movement. [6] The genioglossus arises from the mandible and protrudes the tongue. It is also known as the tongue's "safety muscle" since it is the only muscle that propels the tongue forward.
The genioglossus is one of the paired extrinsic muscles of the tongue. It is a fan-shaped muscle that comprises the bulk of the body of the tongue. It arises from the mental spine of the mandible; it inserts onto the hyoid bone, and the bottom of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). The genioglossus is the ...
The hyoglossus is a thin and quadrilateral extrinsic muscle of the tongue. It originates from the hyoid bone; it inserts onto the side of the tongue. It is innervated by the hypoglossal nerve (cranial nerve XII). It acts to depress and retract the tongue.
These represent all muscles of the tongue except the palatoglossus muscle, which is innervated by the vagus nerve. [2] The hypoglossal nerve is of a general somatic efferent (GSE) type. [2] These muscles are involved in moving and manipulating the tongue. [2] The left and right genioglossus muscles in particular are responsible for protruding ...
The four classical muscles of mastication elevate the mandible (closing the jaw) and move it forward/backward and laterally, facilitating biting and chewing. Other muscles are responsible for opening the jaw, namely the geniohyoid , mylohyoid , and digastric muscles (the lateral pterygoid may play a role).
These can be affected by tongue malfunction such as tongue thrust. Accordingly, treatment of tongue thrust is essential for treatment of speech disorders, and oral myology therapy aiming at tongue muscles training is an important part of speech therapy. [3] [non-primary source needed]
According to The Guardian, scientists have traced this top cold-weather myth to a United States Army manual from the 1970s recommending a hat in the cold because "40 to 45 percent of body heat" is ...
The inferior longitudinal muscle of the tongue is an intrinsic muscle of the tongue. [1] It is thin and oval in cross-section. It is situated between the paramedian septum, and the lateral septum. [2] It extends from the root to the apex of the tongue. Posteriorly, some of its fibers attach onto the body of the hyoid bone.