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ASTM A325 is an ASTM International standard for heavy hex structural bolts, titled Standard Specification for Structural Bolts, Steel, Heat Treated, 120/105 ksi Minimum Tensile Strength. It defines mechanical properties for bolts that range from 1 ⁄ 2 to 1 + 1 ⁄ 2 inches (13 to 38 mm) in diameter. [1]
They are usually made of low grade steel, have a slot or Phillips drive, and are used to join sheet metal parts using a hex or square nut. [12] plow bolt: plough bolt: A plow bolt is bolt similar to a carriage bolt, except the head is flat or concave, and the underside of the head is a cone designed to fit in a countersunk recess.
With respect to shape, stud bolts a.k.a. studs are categorized into three basic types: "fully threaded stud bolts", "tap-end stud bolts", and "double-end stud bolts". Each of these studs have different application. As name suggests, fully threaded studs have full body coverage with threads for full engagement of the matings nuts or similar ...
Steel fasteners (grade 2,5,8) - the level of strength; Stainless steel fasteners (martensitic stainless steel, austenitic stainless steel), Bronze and brass fasteners - water proof usage; Nylon fasteners - used for the light material and water proof usage. In general, steel is the most commonly used material of all fasteners: 90% or more. [8]
The applied torque causes the bolt to "climb" the thread causing a tensioning of the bolt and an equivalent compression in the components being fastened by the bolt. The preload developed in a bolt is due to the applied torque and is a function of the bolt diameter, the geometry of the threads, and the coefficients of friction that exist in the ...
Steel nuts are strong and great for construction, while stainless steel ones resist rust, perfect for outdoor use. Brass nuts, corrosion-resistant, find their place in electrical and plumbing work. Lock nuts, like nylon-insert or prevailing torque types, prevent loosening due to vibration or torque, catering to specific needs across industries.
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A cast-in-place anchor bolt. The simplest – and strongest – form of anchor bolt is cast-in-place, with its embedded end consisting of a standard hexagonal head bolt and washer, 90-bend, or some sort of forged or welded flange (see also stud welding). The last are used in concrete-steel composite structures as shear connectors. [6]