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Synthetic alexandrite is an artificially grown crystalline variety of chrysoberyl, composed of beryllium aluminum oxide (BeAl 2 O 4). The name is also often used erroneously to describe synthetically-grown corundum that simulates the appearance of alexandrite , but with a different mineral composition.
Hydrothermal lab-grown alexandrite has identical physical and chemical properties to real alexandrite. [ 18 ] Some gemstones falsely described as lab-grown synthetic alexandrite are actually corundum laced with trace elements (e.g., vanadium ) or color-change spinel and are not actually chrysoberyl.
However, the latter term is a misnomer: synthetic color-change sapphires are, technically, not synthetic alexandrites but rather alexandrite simulants. This is because genuine alexandrite is a variety of chrysoberyl: not sapphire, but an entirely different mineral from corundum. [22]
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In 1912, to standardize birthstones, the (American) National Association of Jewelers (now called Jewelers of America) met in Kansas and officially adopted a list. [1]: 317 The Jewelry Industry Council of America updated the list in 1952 [3]: 311 by adding Alexandrite for June, citrine for November and pink tourmaline for October.
The five cardinal gems. Clockwise from top: sapphire, ruby, emerald, amethyst, diamond. Cardinal gems are gemstones which have traditionally been considered precious above all others.